Explanation:

Articles 16 (4) and 16 (4-A) of the Constitution did not confer individuals with a fundamental right to claim reservations in promotion.
The Articles empower the State to make reservations in matters of appointment and promotion in favour of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes only “if in the opinion of the State they are not adequately represented in the services of the State”.
Thus, the State government has discretion “to consider providing reservations, if the circumstances so warrant”.
However, if a State wishes to exercise its discretion and make reservation in promotions, it has to first collect quantifiable data showing inadequacy of representation of a class or community in public services.

Explanation:

About CAATSA
CAATSA stands for Countering America’s Adversaries through Sanctions Act (CAATSA).
It is a US federal law that imposed sanctions on Iran, North Korea, and Russia.
The bill provides sanctions for activities concerning:
(1) cybersecurity, (2) crude oil projects, (3) financial institutions, (4) corruption, (5) human rights abuses, (6) evasion of sanctions, (7) transactions with Russian defence or intelligence sectors, (8) export pipelines, (9) privatization of state-owned assets by government officials, and (10) arms transfers to Syria.

Explanation:

A concept of ‘absentee voter’ has been introduced and defined for the elections;
‘Absentee voter’ means a person belonging to such class of persons as may be notified, under clause (c) of section 60 of the RP Act, 1951 and who is employed in essential services as mentioned in the said notification, and includes an elector belonging to the class of senior citizens or persons with disabilities;
‘person with disability’ means a person flagged as a person with a disability in the database for the electoral roll;
‘senior citizen’ means an elector belonging to the class of absentee voters and is above 80 years of age;
These two categories of voters – ‘senior citizen’ and ‘PwD electors’ can vote either as an absentee voter or as a regular voter on the poll day

What is Equalization Levy?
Equalization Levy was introduced in India in 2016, with the intention of taxing the digital transactions i.e. the income accruing to foreign e-commerce companies from India.
It is aimed at taxing business to business transactions.
The following services are currently covered under the EL:

Online advertisement;
Any provision for digital advertising space or facilities/ service for the purpose of online advertisement;
Applicability
Equalization Levy is a direct tax, which is withheld at the time of payment by the service recipient. The two conditions to be met to be liable to the levy:

The payment should be made to a non-resident service provider;
The annual payment made to one service provider exceeds Rs. 1,00,000 in one financial year.
Why it was introduced in India?
Over the last decade, IT has gone through an exponential expansion phase in India and globally.
This has led to an increase in the supply and procurement of digital services.
Consequently, this has given rise to various new business models, where there is a heavy reliance on digital and telecommunication networks.
As a result, the new business models have come with a set of new tax challenges in terms of nexus, characterization and valuation of data and user contribution.
To bring in clarity in this regard, the government introduced in the Budget 2016, the equalization levy.

Sujni Embroidery is of Bihar
Uppada Jamdani Saris is of Andhra Pradesh