Explanation:

Balance of Payment

BOP is the oldest and the most important statistical statement for any country.
In a nutshell BOP of a country is “a systematic record of all economic transactions between the
residents of one country with the residents of the other country in a financial year”.
Economic Transactions include all the foreign receipts and payments made by a country during
a given financial year.
Foreign receipts include all the earnings and borrowings by a country from the other countries.

Capital Account:

Foreign investment in India (ReFI (FDI, FII), ADR, Direct purchase of land or assets)
External commercial borrowing (IMF, WB, ADB etc.), External assistance & Grants etc.
Indian Diaspora maintain deposits in foreign currency in India known as NRI deposits

Explanation:

About Indus Waters Treaty, 1960
The IWT is a water-distribution treaty between India and Pakistan, brokered by the World Bank
signed in Karachi in 1960.
According to this agreement, control over the water flowing in three “eastern” rivers of India —
the Beas, the Ravi and the Sutlej was given to India
The control over the water flowing in three “western” rivers of India — the Indus, the Chenab
and the Jhelum was given to Pakistan
The treaty allowed India to use western rivers water for limited irrigation use and unrestricted
use for power generation, domestic, industrial and non-consumptive uses such as navigation,
floating of property, fish culture, etc. while laying down precise regulations for India to build
projects
India has also been given the right to generate hydroelectricity through the run of the river
(RoR) projects on the Western Rivers which, subject to specific criteria for design and operation
is unrestricted.

Explanation:

What is BSISO?

The BSISO of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is one of the most prominent sources of short-
term climate variability in the global monsoon system.
It is the movement of convection (heat) from the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific Ocean
roughly every 10-50 days during the monsoon (June-September).
Compared with the related Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) it is more complex in nature, with
prominent northward propagation and variability extending much further from the equator.
It represents the monsoon’s ‘active’ and ‘break’ periods, in which weeks of heavy rainfall give
way to brilliant sunshine before starting all over again.
The active phase also enhances monsoon winds and hence the surface waves.
Why predict BSISO behaviour?
Some phases of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation or BSISO induce high wave activity in
the north Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea, the researchers claimed.
Wave forecast advisories based on the BSISO would be more useful for efficient coastal and
marine management.
This finding has a great significance in developing seasonal and climate forecast service for
waves and coastal erosion for India.

Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF)
It is a Central Sector Scheme meant for setting up storage and processing facilities, which will
help farmers, get higher prices for their crops.
It will support farmers, PACS, FPOs, Agri-entrepreneurs, etc. in building community farming
assets and post-harvest agriculture infrastructure.
These assets will enable farmers to get greater value for their produce as they will be able to
store and sell at higher prices, reduce wastage and increase processing and value addition.
What exactly is the AIF?
The AIF is a medium – long term debt financing facility for investment in viable projects for
post-harvest management infrastructure and community farming assets through interest
subvention and credit guarantee.
The duration of the scheme shall be from FY2020 to FY2029 (10 years).
Under the scheme, Rs. 1 Lakh Crore will be provided by banks and financial institutions as loans
with interest subvention of 3% per annum.
It will provide credit guarantee coverage under Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small
Enterprises (CGTMSE) for loans up to Rs. 2 Crore.
Target beneficiaries
The beneficiaries will include farmers:
PACS, Marketing Cooperative Societies, FPOs, SHGs, Joint Liability Groups (JLG), Multipurpose
Cooperative Societies, Agri-entrepreneurs, Startups, and Central/State agency or Local Body
sponsored Public-Private Partnership Projects

The concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA) was originally developed by FAO and officially presented and at the Hague Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change in 2010,

GACSA is a voluntary platform open to governments, international and regional organizations, institutions, civil society, farmers’ organizations and businesses who agree with its vision and its Framework Document.

Being a member does not create any binding obligations and members determine their particular voluntary actions according to their needs and priorities.
India is not the member of this organisation.