Statement 1 is correct. UNEP was indeed established in 1972 during the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm. The conference marked a significant milestone in international environmental governance and led to the creation of UNEP as the principal UN agency dedicated to addressing global environmental issues.

Statement 2 is correct. UNEP is currently headquartered in Nairobi, Kenya. The decision to locate UNEP’s headquarters in Nairobi was taken during the United Nations General Assembly in 1996. Nairobi hosts the United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON), which serves as the base for several UN organizations and programs, including UNEP.

Statement 3 is correct. UNEP’s primary mandate is to promote sustainable development and address global environmental challenges. It works towards fostering environmental sustainability by encouraging countries to adopt environmentally friendly policies, promoting the conservation and sustainable use of natural resources, and addressing issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, pollution, and resource depletion.

Statement 4 is incorrect. While UNEP does operate through various divisions, the specific divisions mentioned in this statement are not accurate. UNEP operates through divisions such as the Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, Division of Environmental Policy Implementation, and Division of Technology, Industry, and Economics, among others. The mentioned “Division of Environmental Law and Conventions” is not one of UNEP’s divisions.

UNEP host the secretariats of many critical multilateral environmental agreements and research bodies, bringing together nations and the environmental community to tackle the greatest challenges of our time. These include the following:
• The Convention on Biological Diversity
• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
• The Minamata Convention on Mercury
• The Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions
• The Vienna Convention for the Protection of Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol
• The Convention on Migratory Species
• The Carpathian Convention- subregional treaty to foster the sustainable development and the protection of the Carpathian region (Europe’s largest mountain range)
• The Bamako Convention- Treaty of African nations prohibiting the import into Africa of any hazardous waste.
• The Tehran Convention- Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea.

Nitrous oxide emissions occur naturally through many sources associated with the nitrogen cycle, which is the
natural circulation of nitrogen among the atmosphere, plants, animals, and microorganisms that live in soil and water. Nitrous oxide is actually removed from the atmosphere when it is absorbed by certain types of bacteria or destroyed by ultraviolet radiation or chemical reactions.
A natural source of nitrogen oxides occurs from a lightning stroke. The very high temperature in the vicinity of a lightning bolt causes the gases oxygen and nitrogen in the air to react to form nitric oxide. The nitric oxide very quickly reacts with more oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide.

Constitution specifies the structure, organisation, powers and functions of both the Central and state governments and prescribes the limits within which they must operate. Thus, it avoids the misunderstandings and disagreements between the two. All the laws made in India are codified separate from the constitution and maintained in a law book. They need not be a part of the constitution. Even in the UK where there is no written constitution, people enjoy several fundamental rights. However, only because our fundamental rights are written in the constitution, it is difficult to amend and change them as per the wishes of the political executive.

As provided by the Constitution, the Speaker of the last Lok Sabha vacates his office immediately before the first meeting of the newly-elected Lok Sabha. Therefore, the President appoints a member of the Lok Sabha as the Speaker Pro Tem. Usually, the senior most member is selected for this. (Statement 1)
The President himself administers oath to the Speaker Pro Tem. (Statement 2)
The Speaker Pro Tem has all the powers of the Speaker. (Statement 3)