Explanation:

What is Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT)?
The Central Administrative Tribunal had been established under Article 323 – A of the Constitution for adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service.
It aims to provide speedy and inexpensive justice to the aggrieved public servants.
It adjudicates for the persons appointed to public services and posts in connection with the affairs of the Union or other authorities under the control of the Government.
In pursuance of Article 323-A, the Parliament has passed the Administrative Tribunals Act in 1985.
The act authorizes the Central government to establish one Central Administrative Tribunal and the state administrative tribunals.
Composition of the CAT
The CAT is a specialist body consisting of Administrative Members and Judicial Members who by virtue of their specialized knowledge are better equipped to dispense speedy and effective justice.
A Chairman who has been a sitting or retired Judge of a High Court heads the Central Administrative Tribunal.
There are now 18 Benches and 21 Circuit Benches in the CAT all over India.
Its functioning
It exercises jurisdiction only in relation to the service matters of the parties covered by the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985.
The Tribunal is guided by the principles of natural justice in deciding cases and is not bound by the procedure, prescribed by the Civil Procedure Code.
Under Section 17 of the Administrative Tribunal Act, 1985, the Tribunal has been conferred with the power to exercise the same jurisdiction and authority in respect of contempt of itself as a High Court.
Independence of working
The conditions of service of the Chairman and Members are the same as applicable to a Judge of High Court as per the Administrative Tribunals (Amendment) Act, 2006.
The orders of CAT are challenged by way of Writ Petition under Article 226/227 of the Constitution before respective High Court in whose territorial jurisdiction the Bench of the Tribunal is situated.

Explanation:

Andhra Pradesh CM YS Jagan Mohan Reddy on June 5, 2020 launched the ‘Online waste exchange platform’. The digital platform was launched on the occasion of World Environment Day to resolve the existing insufficiency in managing the waste.

Explanation:

Payments Infrastructure Development Fund (PIDF)
PIDF aims to encourage acquirers to deploy Points of Sale (PoS) infrastructure — both physical and digital modes in tier-3 to tier-6 centres and north eastern states.
The setting of PIDF is in line with the measures proposed by the vision document on payment and settlement systems in India 2019-2021.
It is also in line with the RBI’s proposal to set up an Acceptance Development Fund which will be used to develop card acceptance infrastructure across small towns and cities.

The Home Rule League was renamed to Swarajya Sabha in 1920. Gandhi ji joined this league and accepted the presidentship of the renamed organisation “Swarajya Sabha”.

Wood’s Dispatch, 1854

1. It is considered as the “Magna Carta of English Education in India” and contained comprehensive plan for spreading education in India.

2. It states the responsibility of State for the spread of education to the masses.

3. It recommended the hierarchy education level – At bottom, vernacular primary school; at district, Anglo-vernacular High Schools and affiliated college, and affiliated universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras Presidency.

4. Recommended English as a medium of instruction for higher studies and vernacular at school level. Therefore, the Dispatch clearly stated that Indian languages as well as English should be used as media of instruction.

The Dispatch recommended that owing to the shortage of books in Indian languages, the medium of instruction should be English. But English should be needed for those people who have proper knowledge and taste for English and are able to understand European knowledge through this language. For other Indian languages should be used.

5. In Wood’s Dispatch, much emphasis was given upon women education. The Despatch also encouraged the private enterprises to promote women education. The schools for girls were to be included among those to which grants-in-aid would be given

6. Concerning Muslim Education, Mr. Wood found that Muslims in this country were educationally backward and hence they should be encouraged to gain more education and efforts should be made in this direction.

7. The Dispatch recommended that academically and highly qualified person should be preferred more than the others for Government services.

8. The Dispatch directed the company to follow a policy of religious neutrality. No man’s religion was to stand in the way of securing an appointment under the Government.

9. Wood‘s Dispatch recommended the establishment of teacher training schools in each of the provinces. There should be training schools for teachers of engineering, medicine and law. The qualified teachers should be given better pay scales. The Dispatch further emphasized on the provision of scholarships to the teachers during their training period.

10. The Dispatch recommended the establishment of universities in the three Presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. The universities were to be modelled after the London University.

11. The Dispatch admitted that mass education has been totally neglected. Therefore, the Dispatch directed that useful and practical knowledge should be conveyed to masses.