The President can make regulations for the peace, progress and good government of the four Union Territories—the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu.

Thus statement 2 is incorrect.

A regulation so made has the same force and effect as an act of Parliament. It may also repeal or amend any act of Parliament in relation to these union territories. The governor is empowered to direct that an act of Parliament does not apply to a scheduled area in the state or apply with specified modifications and exceptions.

Statement 3 is incorrect.

Fundamental right is guaranteed under Article 20(2) of Constitution of India and it incorporates the principles of “autrefois convict” or Double jeopardy which means that person must not be punished twice for the offence. Meaning of Jeopardy The word Jeopardy refers to the “danger” of conviction that an accused person is subjected to when one trial for an criminal offence.

Meaning of Double Jeopardy The act of putting a person through a second trial of an offence for which he or she has already been prosecuted or convicted.

Doctrine of Severability or Separability states that when a part of the statute is declared unconstitutional, then the unconstitutional part is to be removed and the remaining valid portion will continue to valid. The idea is to retain the Act or legislation in force by discarding / deleting only the void portion and retaining the rest.

The doctrine of severability means that a law is void only “to the extent of the inconsistency or contravention” with the relevant Fundamental Right according to Article 13 of the Indian Constitution. Thus statement 1 is correct.

Statement 1 is correct. It was introduced in 1953.

Therfore statement 2 is incorrect.

Article 267 states that “Parliament may by law establish a Contingency Fund in the nature of an imprest to be entitled the Contingency Fund of India into which shall be paid from time to time such sums as may be determined by such law, and the said Fund shall be placed at the disposal of the President to enable advances to be made by him out of such Fund for the purposes of meeting unforeseen expenditure pending authorisation of such expenditure by Parliament by law under Article 115 or Article 116”

Common Trick question-

Council of Ministers is collectively responsible to the Lok
Sabha and remains in power as long as it enjoys the confidence of the House. Since it is not responsible to the Rajya Sabha, therefore this statement 1 is
incorrect.

They are accountable to the Parliament. Make a note of accountable and responsible.

Council of Ministers holds office during the pleasure of the President, not Prime Minister. The pleasure doctrine is applicable in this case.

However, the President acts on the advice of the PM.

Conceptual Question

Center-State relations is a very important theme in Indian Polity.

Mutual Delegation can be of 2 kinds. Concensual – when the agreement is reached between the
President and the Governor(s) of the concerned State(s)Non-consensual – when the Parliament passes a law.

Hence statement 1 is incorrect.

Statement 2 is correct.

It indirectly talks about the Union, State and Concurrent Lists which specify the division of subjects over which governments can legislate. No such lists exist of executive functions.

Interactive Question -A financial bill (II) contains provisions involving
expenditure from the Consolidated Fund of India, but does not include any of
the matters mentioned in Article 110. -It is treated as an ordinary bill and in all respects, it is governed by the same legislative procedure which is applicable to an ordinary bill. The only special feature of this bill is that it cannot be
passed by either House of Parliament unless the President has recommended to that House the consideration of the bill. It can be introduced in both Lok
sabha and Rajya Sabha. – financial bill (II) can be introduced in either House of
Parliament and recommendation of the President is not necessary for its
introduction. It can be either rejected or amended by either House of
Parliament. In case of a disagreement between the two Houses over such a bill, the President can summon a joint sitting of the two Houses to resolve the
deadlock.

In news

UPSC has a nack for asking controversial questions. Similar question has been framed. Kindly refrain from debating.

Repeatedly in news. A judgement was given by SC which it later modified.

Series of articles on the functioning of judiciary were written post this judgement.

http://indianexpress.com/article/india/standing-for-national-anthem-in-theatres-centre-to-set-up-inter-ministerial-committee-to-frame-rules-5016372/

Tikdam:

Asking someone to stand goes against the principles of liberty and such authoritarian commands cannot be true.

As such the OCI is not actual citizenship of India
according to the law as it has many limitations such as no right to vote, no
right to hold constitutional offices, and no right to buy agricultural
properties. Therefore statement 1 and statement 3 are incorrect

The maximum strength fixed at 250, out of which, 238
are to be the representatives of the states and union territories (elected
indirectly) and 12 are nominated by the president.

The Fourth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the
allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and union territories.

Basic question- India is an independent, sovereign, republic. Socialist,
Secular and Integrity were added later by 42ndAmendment- Territories forming the Union shall be autonomous units
and exercise all powers and functions of the Government and administration, except those assigned to or
vested in the Union. [Source: Chapter 1, Page 20 – Indian Constitution At Work
Class XI]

Both statements are correct

This question follows the previous question so you can understand the contrast between the SC and HCs wrt appointments and removal.

 Interactive

An important question on Minority Rights

Statement 1 is correct.

Statement 2 is incorrect. It is obvious that Minorities would’ve been discussed in other parts of the Constitution as well. The Fundamental Rights wrt to Minorities is discussed in A29 &A30.

Statement 3 is correct. This is a very nuanced point and a note of the same should be made.

Make a note of the following terms. In the comments let us know the status of Cabinet, Council of Ministers and other such terms.

@untouchability: not defined

@minority:not defined

@martial law:not defined

@federation:no where used in constitution.

@Vice President removal: no ground mentioned in the constitution.

@cabinet committees: not mentioned

In newsBeef ban, cow protection and various judegement by both HC
and SC have been in news.Statement 1 is incorrect : Article 48 of DPSP directs the
State to prohibit the slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught
cattle and to improve their breeds.Statement 2 is correct :Article 41 directs the State to
secure free legal aid to the poor. Under Article 21, through various Supreme
Court judgements like Hussainara khatoon vs. State of Bihar, Khatri II Vs.
State of Bihar, (1981), etc free legal aid to poor has been made a justiciable
right.

“The Representation of People Act (1951) provides for the following:1. If a person is elected to both the Houses of Parliament,
he must intimate within 10 days in which House desires to serve. In default of such intimation, his seat in the Rajya Sabha Becomes vacant.2. If a sitting member of one House is also elected to the other House, his seat in the first House becomesvacant.3. If a person is elected to two seats in a House, he should exercise his option for one. Otherwise, both seats become vacant. Similarly, a person cannot be a member of both the Parliament and the state legislature at the same time. If a person is so elected, his seat in Parliament becomes vacant
if he does not resign his seat in the state legislature within 14 days.”

Art 12 – The State includes the Government and Parliament of India and the Government and the Legislature of each of the States and all local or other authorities within the territory of India or under the control of the Government of India.

It also includes all private bodies discharging their duties as an agent of the Government.

Statement 1 is incorrect. A law made by the President,
the Parliament or any other specified authority continues to be operative even
after the emergency has been revoked. It can be repealed, altered or re-enacted by the state legislature afterwards but it doesn’t automatically become inoperative. Statement 2 is correct. A state emergency has no effect on the Fundamental Rights of the citizens. Only National Emergencies have one.

Statement 1 is correct. – The President shall before giving recommendation refer the Bill to the legislature of the state which is going to be affected by the changes proposed in the bill. The state legislature must express its view in the time specified by the President.
The President is not bound by the view of the state legislature. It is not necessary to make afresh reference to the state legislature every time an amendment to the bill is moved and accepted in the Parliament.
In case of Union territory, no reference need be made to the concerned legislature to ascertain its views and the Parliament can itself take any action as it deems fit. Thus statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 1 is incorrect.

Each state is allotted a
number of seats in the Lok Sabha in such a manner that the ratio between that
number and its population is the same for all states.

However This provision
does not apply to a state having a population of less than six millions

Comparative

This question covers all the major differences between Article 15 and Article 16.

FR is the most important theme in Polity and a detailed understanding is required.

All the statements are correct.