Madras Mahajana Sabha was established by M. Veeraraghavachariar,                  G. SubramaniaIyer and P. Anandacharlu in May 1884. So, the second pair is not correctly matched.

British Indian Association, was founded on October 29, 1851 at Calcutta with Raja Radhakanta Dev and Debendranath Tagore as its President and Secretary respectively. Other members of the Association included Ramgopal Ghosh, Peary Chand Mitra and Krishnadas Pal. Its membership was kept exclusive to Indians.

The Indian National Association also known as Indian Association was the first avowed nationalist organization founded in British Indiaby Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bosein 1876.

This question was asked in Civil Services (P) -2017.

The Dutch East India Company was established in 1602.
This was First Multinational Corporation of the World, the first company to issue stock and the first company which was given the power to engage itself in colonial activities including waging a war and execute the convicts, mint the
coins and establish the colonies.

The first permanent trading post of Dutch East India Company was in Indonesia. In India, they established the first factory in Masulipattanam in 1605, followed by Pulicat in 1610, Surat in 1616, Bimilipatam in 1641 and Chinsura in 1653.

Tarak Nath Das in Vancouver (Canada) started the Free Hindustan and adopted a very militant nationalist tone.

G.D. Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver on the lines of the India House in London and also began to bring out a Gurmukhi paper called Swadesh Sevak which advocated social reform and also asked Indian troops to rise in revolt against the British. In 1910, Tarak Nath Das and G.D. Kumar set up the United India House in Seattle in the U.S.A.

Lord Curzon had introduced the Punjab Land Alienation Act in 1900.  In this act, it was laid down that non-peasant could not buy lands from the peasants and neither could be attached their lands in case of non-payment of debts and nor keep the land in mortgage for more than 20years.

The result was the moneylenders stopped lending money and Lord Curzon had to open banks and these societies. Thus, various Cooperative
societies of the agriculturists and agricultural Banks were established during the time of Lord Curzon. Hence Option(c) is the most significant outcome.

Indian Universities Act (1904) : It was based on the
recommendation of the Raleigh Commission (1902), statement 1 is correct. With this act, Curzon justified greater control over universities in the name of
quality and efficiency.

The main provisions of this Act were:

1. Universities were given the right of teaching along with the right of conducting the examination. Thus, statement 2 is incorrect.

2. Universities had the right to appoint teachers to conduct
teaching and undertake research.

3. The government was to have powers to veto universities’
senate regulations and could amend these regulations or pass regulations on its
own

Sir Surendranath Banerjee was one of the earliest Indian political leaders during the British Raj. He founded the Indian National Association, through which he led two sessions of the Indian National Conference in 1883 and 1885, along with Anandamohan Bose. Banerjee later became a senior leader of the Indian National Congress. Unlike Congress, and with many liberal leaders he left Congress and founded a new organisation named Indian National Liberation Federation in 1919.

He was not associated with INSC.

-Under Warren Hastings, District Diwani Adalats were established in districts to try civil disputes, Statement 2 is correct. These are placed under Collector. Persian language was replaced by English in Supreme Court.

In 1834, Law Commission under Macaulay led to the codification of Indian
law. And as a result Civil Procedure Code (1859), Indian Penal Code (1860) and
Criminal Procedure Code (1861) were prepared. Hence, Statement 1 is correct-In higher courts Persian was replaced by English as the court language under Lord William Bentick, Statement 3 is incorrect.

N.M. Lokhanday could be regarded as the first leader of the Indian workers. In 1890, he founded Mumbai Mill Hands Association and protested against the poor conditions in the factories. He published the journal
Deenbandhu.

Sasipada Banerjee founded the first labour organization ‘Working
Men’s Club’ in 1870 at Kolkata. He also published the journal Bharat Sramjeevi.

Vernacular Press Act, 1878: It was nicknamed as ‘gagging act’. It was enacted by Lord Lytton. It came as discrimination against the vernacular press. The act excluded English-language publications. The act was intended to prevent the vernacular press from expressing criticism of British policies. No right of appeal was given to the Vernacular press. This act was repealed by Rippon in 1882.
Bombay Times was founded in 1838 and it was later renamed as Times of
India.

ConceptualStatement 1 is Incorrect – India started importing finished
products only after the Industrial Revolution started in Britain.

Statement 2 is correct – Export of finished goods from India
declined and more raw material was imported to fuel industrial revolution in
Britain.

Statement 3 is correct – British invested capital to build
railways, industries in India as opportunities outside saturated. The stages of colonialism by R.C.Dutt is an important read. http://www.historydiscussion.net/history-of-india/economic-history/british-rule-in-india-stages-and-consequences-history-of-indian-economy/5968

Arya Samaj is an Indian Hindu reform movement that
promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sannyasi Dayananda Saraswati on 7 April 1875.

Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published from Dhaka in 1860.

Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882.

Satyendranath Tagore(first to clear ICS) was selected for the Indian Civil Service in June,1863-This Question was asked in Civil Service (P) 2018

Works/Organizations associated with prominent leaders gain significance by default and you are expected to know them. There were two of them: the Madras Hindu Social Reforms Association founded by Veresalingam Pantulu (1848-1939) in 1892, and the Madras. Hindu Association founded by Mrs. Annie Besant in 1904. Pantulu’s Hindu Association was a social purity-movement advocating temperance and combating the devadasi custom. Besant’s organisation was intended “to promote Hindu social and religious advancement on national lines with the spirit of Hindu civilization.

Act of 1786 was a supplementary Bill, brought
by Pitt and was passed in 1786. Lord Cornwallis was appointed as the first
Governor-General, and he then became the effective ruler of British India under the authority of the Board of Control and the Court of Directors. Lord
Cornwallis was given powers to override his council in extraordinary
situations, Thus Option(b) is correct.

On July 20, 1905, Lord Curzon issued an order dividing
the province of Bengal into two parts:

(i) Eastern Bengal and Assam with
apopulation of 31 million, and

(ii) the rest of Bengal with a populationof 54 million, of whom 18 million were Bengalis and 36 millionBiharis and Oriyas. Thus, Option(b) is correct.

Large-scale expansion of British rule in India occurred during the Governor-Generalship of Lord Wellesley who came to India in 1798.
The system of ‘Subsidiary Alliances’, outright war, and the assumption of the
territories of previously subordinated rulers were followed. Most notable of his annexations were – -Bringing Mysore and Marathas under British.-Forced a new treaty upon the puppet Nawab of Carnatic.-Taking over rulers of Tanjore and Surat.

The NIC (Natal Indian Congress) was the first of the Indian Congresses to be formed in South Africa. It was established in 1894 by Mahatma Gandhi to fight discrimination against Indian traders in Natal. Hence both Statement 1 and 2 are correct.

-East India Association, 1866, was established by Dadabhai Naoroji in London. It was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the British Government.

Bangabhasha Prakasika Sabha, 1836, was formed by the associates of Raja Rammohun Roy.

Major ideological differences between the Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj are as follow:-

The Brahmo Samaj drew its inspiration from the Vedas, Upanishads and other holy scriptures of ancient India, whereas the Arya Samaj believes in the Vedas only. Therefore statement 1 is incorrect.

-Brahmo Samaj was primarily reformist, Arya Samaj was primarily revivalist. Brahmo Samaj believed in the western culture and philosophy while the Arya Samaj rejected the western culture and accepted the Indian culture only.

-For the Brahmo Samaj, human reason is supreme whereas the Arya Samaj believes in the infallibility of the Vedas.-

The Brahmo Samaj had full faith in the goodness of British government, while Arya Samaj had no faith in the integrity of British government.

Brahmo Samaj treated Islam and Christianity at par with Hinduism, Arya Samaj claimed the superiority of Hinduism and claimed that it was best way of life.

-Brahmo Samaj adopted a conciliatory and peaceful approach, while Arya Samaj propagated its views in an aggressive, authoritative and candid way.-

Brahmo Samaj mainly influenced educated and intellectuals while Arya Samaj was able to touch the minds of educated and uneducated alike.

The theme of Financial Decentralisation & LSG is very important.

Statement 1 is incorrect. It was Lord Ripon who is considered as Father of LSG.

Statement 2 is incorrect. Royal Commission on Decentralisation was appointed in 1907.

The main points are-

1. 1870 – Lord Mayo transfers fixed sums to provinces

2. 1877 – Lord Lytton transfers more funds under a lot more heads

3. 1882 – Lord Ripon’s LSG Resolution creates a new 3 tier structure.

4. 1907-08 – Appointment of Royal Commission on Decentralisation.

5. 1919 – Introduction of dyarchical system in Provinces, where the local self-government became a transferred subject.

6. 1935 – Introduction of provincial autonomy scheme under the GoI Act (1935), where the local self-government was declared a provincial subject.

-The Mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced by Holt Mackenzie and Robert Merttins Bird.

Thus , Statement 1 is incorrect It was introduced during the time of Lord William Bentinck.Munro Played most important role in development of Ryotwari system and not mahalwari system.

-In Mahalwari system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages. Ownership rights were vested with the peasants.

Statement 2 is correct. Along with the village communities, the landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of the revenues.