https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/supreme-court-stays-disqualification-proceedings-against-3-aiadmk-mlas/article27046270.ece

The Tenth Schedule was inserted in the Constitution in 1985 by the 52nd Amendment Act. It lays down the process by which legislators may be disqualified on grounds of defection by the Presiding Officer of a legislature based on a petition by any other member of the House.
The decision on question as to disqualification on ground of defection is referred to the Chairman or the Speaker of such House, and his decision is final.
The law applies to both Parliament and state assemblies.

https://www.janes.com/article/88409/north-korea-fires-two-short-range-missiles-into-sea-of-japan-says-seoul
N. Korea launched ‘barrage’ of short-range projectiles into the Sea of Japan.
It is the marginal sea between the Japanese archipelago, Sakhalin, the Korean Peninsula and Russia.
The Japanese archipelago separates the sea from the Pacific Ocean.
It is bordered by Japan, Korea (North and South) and Russia.
Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific Ocean.

https://www.news18.com/news/india/basava-jayanthi-2019-heres-everything-you-need-to-know-2131631.html
Basava Jayanthi was observed on birthday of Basavanna, a Hindu Kannada poet of 12th century.
Basavanna was a 12th-century philosopher, statesman, Kannada poet and a social reformer during the reign of the Kalachuri-dynasty king Bijjala I in Karnataka, India.
Basavanna spread social awareness through his poetry, popularly known as Vachanaas. Basavanna rejected gender or social discrimination, superstitions and rituals.
As a leader, he developed and inspired a new devotional movement named Virashaivas, or “ardent, heroic worshippers of Shiva”.
This movement shared its roots in the ongoing Tamil Bhakti movement, particularly the Shaiva Nayanars traditions, over the 7th- to 11th-century.
Basava championed devotional worship that rejected temple worship and rituals led by Brahmins, and replaced it with personalized direct worship of Shiva through practices such as individually worn icons and symbols like a small linga.
Basaveshwara is the first Kannadiga in whose honour a commemorative coin has been minted in recognition of his social reforms.

https://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/india-re-elected-as-observer-to-arctic-council-119050701002_1.html
At 11th Arctic Council ministerial meeting held at Rovaniemi in Finland, India was re-elected as an observer to intergovernmental forum Arctic Council.
Arctic Council is an Intergovernmental forum which addresses issues faced by the Arctic governments and people living in the Arctic region
It is Not a treaty-based international organization but rather an international forum that operates on the basis of consensus.
The decisions, recommendations or guidelines of the Arctic Council are non-enforceable and strictly the prerogative of the individual state.
Its mandate explicitly excludes military security.

2013 UPSC Prelims Question

Size of the sun at dusk
This is a correct option. The Sun appears smaller during noon but larger at dawn or more clearly at dusk. The apparent difference in the size comes from Optical Illusion. At dawn, Sun is seen with other objects on horizon and looks big. At noon, Sun is all alone in vast expanse of sky, so looks small.

Colour of the sun at dawn
A halo is a ring around the moon or sun produced by refraction of light through a thin cloud of ice crystals. The halo had red colors on the inside of the ring shifting to blue on the outside. This is also a correct statement. The color effects such as red colors of halo, the reddish colored sun pillars etc. are optical illusions.

Twinkle of stars in the sky
Twinkling of stars is also an optical illusion caused by the refraction of light while moving through various layers of atmospheres.

The statement, moon being visible at dawn, is ambiguous

Polestar being visible in the sky
Polestar is visible in the sky from northern latitudes. There is apparent motion of all stars in the night except Pole star. Of course this is an optical illusion. It is really us on Earth doing all the actual moving. But this statement does not say anything on that. This option is thus opted out.