Statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect.
In an aquatic ecosystem, grazing food chain is the major conduit for energy flow. As against this, in a terrestrial ecosystem, a much larger fraction of energy flows through the detritus food chain than through the grazing food chain.
When energy is passed in an ecosystem from one trophic level to the next, only ten percent of the energy will be passed. Around 90% of energy will be lost.

Statement 1 is correct while statement 2 is incorrect.
Alpha diversity is the diversity within an ecosystem which is generally described as the number of species.
Beta diversity involves the comparison of different ecosystems in environmental gradients, for example, in a mountainous area within a coastal area.
Gamma diversity refers to the total diversity of a region, i.e. the geographic diversity. It is the sum of the alpha diversity of various ecosystems.

India has some of the world’s most biodiverse regions. The biodiversity hotspots in India are: the Himalayas, the Western Ghats, the Indo-Burma region and the Sundaland (Includes group of Islands).

The fifth edition of the UN’s Global Biodiversity Outlook report, published by the UN Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), provides an overview of the state of nature worldwide. The report notes the importance of biodiversity in addressing climate change and long-term food security, and that action to protect biodiversity is essential to prevent future pandemics.

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) released its annual Emissions Gap Report 2020. The annual report from UNEP measures “the gap between anticipated emissions and levels consistent with the Paris Agreement goals of limiting global warming this century to well below 2°C and pursuing 1.5°C”.