Both Statements are Incorrect:
When Gandhiji was in prison, Sardar Vallabhai Patel was asked by members of the Congress to lead the Satyagraha in Nagpur in 1923 against a law banning the raising of the Indian flag.

It was a campaign of peaceful civil disobedience during the Indian independence movement that focused on exercising the right and freedom to hoist the nationalist flag and challenge the legitimacy of the British Rule in India.

Statements 1 and 2 are Incorrect:
In the first session of the AIKS at Lucknow in April 1936 it was decided to bring out a Kisan Manifesto. A Kisan Manifesto was finalised at the All-India Kisan committee session in Bombay and formally presented to the Congress Working Committee to be incorporated into its forthcoming manifesto for the 1937 elections.

The Kisan Manifesto considerably influenced the agrarian programme adopted by the Congress at its Faizpur session (December, 1936) , which included demands for fifty per cent reduction in land revenue and rent, a moratorium on debts, the abolition of feudal levies, security of tenure for tenants, a living wage for agricultural labourers, and the recognition of peasant unions.

The Kisan Manifesto that was adopted by the All-India Kisan Committee in August 1936 voiced such radical demands as the abolition of zamindari, a limited tax on agricultural incomes, cancellation of debts and the like.

Statements 1 and 2 are Incorrect:
To curb the students participation in the Civil Disobedience Movement, Cunningham Circular was implemented in 1930 by the British, which played an important role in shaping the Freedom Struggle in Assam.

It forced the students and their guardians to furnish assurances of good behaviour and forbade them to participate in political activities, and evoked strong response.

Students quit schools in protest and many Educational Institutions like Kamrup Academy of Guwahati and Sibsagar Vidyapeeth were established.

All Statements are Correct:
To carry forward the mandate given by the Lahore Congress, Gandhi presented eleven demands to the government and gave an ultimatum of January 31, 1930, to accept or reject these demands. The demands were as follows;

Issues of General Interest:
– Reduce expenditure on Army and civil services by 50 per cent.
– Prohibition of intoxicants and liquor.
– Carry out reforms in the Criminal Investigation Department (CID).
– Change Arms Act allowing popular control of the issue of firearms licences.
– Release political prisoners.
– Accept Postal Reservation Bill.

Specific Bourgeois Demands:
– Reduce rupee-sterling exchange ratio to 1s 4d
– Introduce textile protection.
– Reserve coastal shipping for Indians.

Specific Peasant Demands
– Reduce land revenue by 50 per cent.
– Abolish salt tax (not reduce) and the government‘s salt monopoly.

With no positive response forthcoming from the government on these demands, the Congress Working Committee invested Gandhi with full powers to launch the Civil Disobedience Movement at a time and place of his choice.

Both Statements are Correct:
Works/Organizations associated with prominent leaders gain significance by default and you are expected to know them.

There were two of them: the Madras Hindu Social Reforms Association founded by Veresalingam Pantulu (1848-1939) in 1892, and the Madras. Hindu Association founded by Mrs. Annie Besant in 1904. Pantulu’s Hindu Association was a social purity-movement advocating temperance and combating the devadasi custom. Besant’s organisation was intended “to promote Hindu social and religious advancement on national lines with the spirit of Hindu civilization”.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Jyotiba Phule started a girl’s school in Poona. Bethune School for girl’s education associated with Ishwar Chandra Vidhya Sagar. Dadabhai Naroji was one of the founders of Parsi Law Association which agitated for the grant of legal state to women and for uniform laws on inheritance and marriage of Parsi.

Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s greatest achievement in the field of religious reform was the setting up of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828 and the Brahmo Samaj was the first important organization of religious reforms. It forbade idol-worship and discarded meaningless rites and rituals. The Samaj also forbade its members from attacking any religion.

The greatest achievement in the field of social reform was the abolition of Sati in1829. He had seen how the wife of his elder brother was forced to commit Sati. His campaign against Sati aroused the opposition of the orthodox Hindus who bitterly attacked him. Ram Mohan Roy realized that the practice of sati was due to the extremely low position of Hindu women. He advocated the abolition of polygamy, and wanted women to be educated and given the right to inherit property.

The influence of Brahmo Samaj spread and branches of the Samaj were opened in different parts of the country. The two most prominent leader of the Brahmo Samaj were Debendranath Tagore and Keshab Chandra Sen. To spread the message of Brahmo Samaj Keshab Chandra Sen travelled throughout Madras and Bombay presidencies and, later, the northern India.

In 1866, there was a split in the Brahmo Samaj when Keshab Chandra Sen and his group held views which were more radical than those of the original Brahmo Samajists. They proclaimed freedom from the bondage of caste and customs, and from the authority of scriptures. They advocated and performed inter-caste marriages and widow remarriages, opposed the custom of purdah and condemned caste divisions. They attacked caste rigidity, started taking their food with the people of the so-called lower castes and other religions, opposed restrictions about food and drink, devoted their life to the spread of education and condemned the old Hindu opposition to sea voyages. This movement influenced similar movements of reforms in other parts of the country. While this group rose in prominence, the influence of the other group, which showed little interest in social reforms, declined.

All Statements are Correct:
Debendranath Tagore, father of Rabindranath Tagore revitalized the Brahmo Samaj. He founded the Tatva Bodhini Sabha to propagate Rajaram Mohan Roy’s ideas.

It’s organ Tatva Bodhini patrika promoted a systematic study of India’s past in the Bengali language.

Option C is Correct:
Prarthana Samaj was a movement for religious and social reform in Bombay based on earlier reform movements. Prarthana Samaj was founded by the Dadoba Pandurang and his brother Atmaram Pandurang in 1867 when Keshub Chandra Sen visited Maharashtra, with an aim to make people believe in one God and worship only one God.

It became popular after Mahadev Govind Ranade joined. The main reformers were the intellectuals who advocated reforms of the social system of the Hindus. It was spread to southern India by noted Telugu reformer and writer, Kandukuri Veeresalingam.

Statements 1 and 3 are Incorrect:
Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Bose, the Congress Socialists and the Communists were totally opposed to office acceptance and thereby working of the 1935 Act. Nehru explained, “Office acceptance will not add to our real strength, it will only weaken us by making us responsible for many things that we utterly dislike”.

The counter strategy that Nehru and the leftists suggested was the older, Swarajist one: enter the assemblies with a view to creating deadlocks and making the working of the Act impossible.

Rajendra Prasad and J.B. Kriplani represented the right wing of the Congress that supported the office acceptance. Rajendra Prasad and Patel moved a resolution on ‘conditional acceptance’ of office, in the AICC session of March 1937, which was accepted.

Kriplani at the Lucknow session of Congress in 1936 supported office acceptance by arguing that even in a revolutionary movement there may be a time of comparative depression and inactivity. At that time whatever programmes are devised have necessarily an appearance of reformatory activity but they are part of all revolutionary strategy

Option C is Correct:
In March 1914, the ship, Komagata Maru had begun its fateful voyage to Canada. Canada had imposed very strict restrictions on Indian immigration by means of a law that forbade entry to all, except those who made a continuous journey from India.

When the ship arrived in Vancouver, it was not allowed into the port and was cordoned off by the police. To fight for the rights of the passengers, a Shore Committee was set up under the leadership of Husain Rahim, Sohan Lal Pathak, and Balwant Singh, funds were raised, and protest meetings organized.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The Simon Commission published a two-volume report in May 1930. Some of its recommendations are:
– It proposed the abolition of dyarchy and the establishment of representative government in the provinces which should be given autonomy. It said that the governor should have discretionary power in relation to internal security and administrative powers to protect the different ommunities. The number of members of the provincial legislative council should be increased.

– The report rejected parliamentary responsibility at the centre. The governor-general was to have complete power to appoint the members of the cabinet. And the Government of India would have complete control over the high court.

– It also recommended that separate communal electorates be retained (and extended such electorates to other communities) but only until tensions between Hindus and Muslims had died down. There was to be no universal franchise.

– It accepted the idea of federalism but not in the near future; it suggested that a Consultative Council of Greater representatives of both the British provinces as well as princely states.

– It suggested that the North-West Frontier Province and Baluchistan should get local legislatures, and both NWFP and Baluchistan should have the right to be represented at the centre.

– It recommended that Sindh should be separated from Bombay, and Burma should be separated from India because it was not a natural part of the Indian subcontinent.

– It also suggested that the Indian army should be Indianised though British forces must be retained.

Statement 3 is Incorrect:
The Swaraj Party was established as the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party. It was a political party formed in India in January 1923 after the Gaya annual conference in December 1922 of the National Congress, that sought greater self-government and political freedom for the Indian people from the British Raj.

It was inspired by the concept of Swaraj. In Hindi and many other languages of India, swaraj means “independence” or “self-rule.” The two most important leaders were Chittaranjan Das, who was its president and Motilal Nehru, who was its secretary.

Prominent leaders of the Swaraj Party included N C Kelkar, Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy and Subhas Chandra Bose.

The party’s programme was to obstruct the government. They wanted to create deadlocks on every measure. They boycotted all official functions and receptions held by the government. They voiced their grievances and aspirations in the Legislative Assembly.

Some of them could not resist the perks of power. Motilal Nehru was a member of the Skeen Committee and A Ramaswamy Iyengar was a member of the Public Accounts Committee.

Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Congress Socialist Party was founded in 1934 as a left wing party within the Congress. CSP wanted to remain within the Congress, but was ready to cooperate with non-Congress Leftist groups. All Congress Socialists agreed that that they must work inside the Congress because it was the primary body leading the national struggle.

The first meeting of All India Congress Socialist Party was held under presidentship of Sampurnanad at Bombay.

The first conference of All India Congress Socialist Party was held under presidentship of Acharya Narendra Dev at patna.

The CSP leaders believed that the Indian People could be mobilized into a movement only under Gandhiji’s leadership and that, in fact, there was no alternative to Gandhiji’s leadership. Intially the CSP wanted to transform the Congress through displacing the existing leadership and CSP was to develop as nucleus of the alternative socialist leadership of the Congress.

However, soon this was found to be unrealistic and the idea was abandoned in favour of a ‘composite’ leadership in which socialists would be taken into the leadership at all levels. They had reservation about Gandhi’s constructive programme.At Tripuri, in 1939, when it came to splitting the Congress on a Left-Right basis, they shied away.

Statement 1 is Incorrect:
The terms of the August Offer:
A representative Indian body would be framed after the war to frame a constitution for India. Dominion status was the objective for India in an unspecified future.

The Viceroy’s Executive Council would be expanded right away to include for the first time more Indians than whites. However, defence, finance and home portfolios were to remain with the British.

An advisory war council and post war constitutional consultative body was to be established.

An assurance was given to the minorities that no transfer of power would take place “to any system of government whose authority is directly denied by large and powerful elements in Indian national life.”

The Viceroy also stated that there would be no revision of the Government of India Act. He also said that before any real constitutional reform could be done, the differences between the INC and the Muslim League would have to be resolved.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The plan, commonly known as the Wavell Plan, proposed the following:

1. The Viceroy’s Executive Council would be immediately reconstituted and the number of its members would be increased.

2. In the Council there would be equal representation of high-caste Hindus and Muslims.

4. All the members of the Council, except the Viceroy and the Commander-in-Chief, would be Indians.

5. An Indian would be appointed as the member for Foreign Affairs in the Council. However, a British commissioner would be responsible for trade matters.

6. The defence of India would remain in British hands until power was ultimately transferred to Indians.

7. The Viceroy would convene a meeting of Indian politicians including the leaders of Congress and the Muslim League at which they would nominate members of the new Council.

8. If this plan were to be approved for the central government, then similar councils of local political leaders would be formed in all the provinces.

9. None of the changes suggested would in any way prejudice or prejudge the essential form of the future permanent Constitution of India.

Both Statements are Correct:
Arthur Zimmermann was State Secretary for Foreign Affairs of the German Empire from 22 November 1916 until his resignation on 6 August 1917. His name is associated with the Zimmermann Telegram during World War I.

However, he was closely involved in plans to support rebellions in Ireland and in India, and to assist the Bolsheviks to undermine Tsarist Russia.

All Statements are Correct:
During Civil Disobedience Movement, Gandhiji was arrested on May 4, 1930 when he had announced that he would lead a raid on Dharsana Salt Works on the west coast. His arrest was followed by massive protests in Bombay, Delhi, Calcutta and in Sholapur, where the response was the fiercest. After Gandhi‘s arrest, the Congress Working Committee sanctioned:

– non-payment of revenue in Ryotwari areas;

– no-chowkidara tax campaign in zamindari areas – In Bihar, a campaign was organised for refusal to pay chowkidara tax and a call was given for resignation of chowkidars and influential members of chowlcidari panchayat who appointed these chowkidars. At Bengal, Anti-chowkidara tax and anti-union board tax campaign h was met with repression and confiscation of property.

– violation of forest laws in the Central Provinces.

– In United Provinces: Non-revenue campaign by Zamindars against paying revenue to the government and a No-Rent Campaign by tenants against Zamindars.

– In Maharashtra, Karnataka and Central Provinces: the forest laws were defied.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Khudai Khidmatgar was a Pashtun non-violent movement against the British Empire by the Pashtun people of the North-West Frontier Province (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) of British India.

Also called Surkh Posh or “Red Shirts”, this was originally a social reform organisation focusing on education and the elimination of blood feuds; it was known as the Anjuman-e-Islah-e Afaghina (society for reformation of Afghans). The movement was led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, known locally as Bacha Khan or Badshah Khan.

The Khudai Khidmatgar movement faced another crackdown for its role in the Quit India Movement after 1940; in that period it started facing increasing opposition from the Muslim League in the province. Its Congress affiliate won the 1946 election again.

The Khudai Khidmatgars strongly opposed the proposal for the partition of India, siding with the Indian National Congress and All India Azad Muslim Conference.When the Indian National Congress declared its acceptance of the partition plan without consulting the Khudai Khidmatgar leaders, Bacha Khan, the leader of the Khudai Khidmatgars, felt very sad and told the Congress “you have thrown us to the wolves.”

In June 1947, the Khudai Khidmatgars declared the Bannu Resolution, demanding that the Pashtuns be given a choice to have an independent state of Pashtunistan, composing all Pashtun territories of British India, instead of being made to join Pakistan.

However, the British Raj refused to comply with the demand of this resolution. In response, the Khudai Khidmatgars boycotted the 1947 NWFP referendum about the province joining Pakistan or India, citing that it did not have the options of the NWFP becoming independent or joining Afghanistan.

Statement 3 is Incorrect:
Naujawan Bharat Sabha was a left-wing Indian association that sought to foment revolution against the British Raj by gathering together worker and peasant youths.

It was founded by Bhagat Singh in March 1926and was a more public face of the Hindustan Republican Association.

The NBS comprised members from the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh communities and organised lectures, public meetings and protests. It did not gain widespread support because of its radical ideas relating to religion and to agrarian reform. Attendance at its public meetings became particularly poor after the killing of J. P. Saunders in late 1928.

This killing, by Singh and others, followed from a protest against the Simon Commission in Lahore of which the NBS had been one of the organising parties. Contemporary opinion was that non-cooperation was preferable to violence as a means of achieving change.

The association was banned in 1929 during a period when the government had imposed Section 144 to control gatherings as public support burgeoned for the imprisoned Bhagat Singh and his fellow hunger-strikers. NBS members were involved in the campaign