Explanation:

National Health ID System
This system finds its roots in a 2018 NITI Aayog proposal to create a centralised mechanism to uniquely identify every participating user in the National Health Stack.
It will be a repository of all health-related information of a person.
According to the National Health Authority (NHA), every patient who wishes to have their health records available digitally must start by creating a Health ID.
Each Health ID will be linked to a health data consent manager — such as National Digital Health Mission (NDHM).
The Health ID is created by using a person’s basic details and mobile number or Aadhaar number.
This will make it unique to the person, who will have the option to link all of their health records to this ID.
What was the original proposal for the health ID?
The National Health Policy 2017 had envisaged creation of a digital health technology eco-system aiming at developing an integrated health information system.
In the context of this, the central government’s think-tank NITI Aayog, in June 2018, floated a consultation of a digital backbone for India’s health system — National Health Stack.
As part of its consultation, NITI Aayog proposed a Digital Health ID to greatly reduce the risk of preventable medical errors and significantly increase the quality of care.
Stakeholders in the national health ID
As envisaged, various healthcare providers — such as hospitals, laboratories, insurance companies, online pharmacies, telemedicine firms — will be expected to participate in the health ID system.

Explanation:

Contempt of Court
According to the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, contempt of court can either be civil contempt or criminal contempt.
Civil contempt means willful disobedience to any judgment, decree, direction, order, writ or another process of a court or willful breach of an undertaking given to a court.
On the other hand, criminal contempt means the publication (whether by words, spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representations, or otherwise) of any matter or the doing of any other act whatsoever which
Scandalizes or tends to scandalize, or lowers or tends to lower the authority of, any court; or
Prejudices, or interferes or tends to interfere with, the due course of any judicial proceeding; or
Interferes or tends to interfere with, or obstructs or tends to obstruct, the administration of justice in any other manner.
What did the court rule in this case?
The tweets had the effect of attempting to destabilize Indian democracy.
A defamatory publication concerning “the judge is a serious impediment to justice”.
The court could not ignore the disrespect and disaffection created by the “scurrilous” tweets.
If such an attack is not dealt with a requisite degree of firmness, it may affect the national honour and prestige in the comity of nations.
A suo motu action
The prior consent of the Attorney General (AG) of India is not required to suo motu initiate the inherent contempt powers of the Supreme Court.
The Contempt of Court Act of 1971 cannot limit this power of the court. The statute only provides the procedure in which such contempt is to be initiated.
The suo motu contempt powers of the top court are drawn from Article 129 of the Constitution, which says the Supreme Court, as a court of record, has the power to punish for contempt of itself.
What would be the penalty?
The Contempt of Court Act of 1971 punishes with imprisonment that may extend to six months or fine of Rs 2,000 or both.
This is provided in case the accused may be discharged or the punishment awarded may be remitted on apology being made to the satisfaction of the court.

Explanation:

What is Positive Pay Mechanism?
Positive Pay is a fraud detection tool adopted by banks to protect customers against forged, altered or counterfeit cheques.
It crosses verifies all details of the cheque issued before funds are encashed by the beneficiary.
In case of a mismatch, the cheque is sent back to the issuer for examination.
By following such a system, a bank knows of a cheque being drawn by the customer even before it is deposited by the beneficiary into his/her account.
How does the mechanism work?
Under Positive Pay feature, the issuer will first share the details of the issued cheque like cheque number, date, name of the payee, account number, amount and the likes through his/her net banking account.
Along with this, an image of the front and reverse side of the cheque is also required to be shared, before handing it over to the beneficiary.
When the beneficiary submits the cheque for encashment, the details are compared with those provided to the bank through Positive Pay.
If the details match, the cheque is honoured. However, in the case of mismatch, the cheque is referred to the issuer.
In this way, any cheque where any sort of fraud has happened cannot be cleared at all and hence, a depositor’s money can be protected.

What is Reverse Positive Pay mechanism?
In the Reverse Positive Pay mechanism, the issuer monitors the cheques on its own and inform the bank to decline a cheque. The bank notifies the company daily about the cheques presented to it and clears the cheques approved by the company.

Sarabhai Crater
“Sarabhai” Crater is named after Dr Vikram Sarabhai and around 250 to 300 kilometres east of this Crater is where the Apollo 17 and Luna 21 Missions had landed.
The crater captured in 3D images shows that the Crater has a depth of around 1.7 Kms taken from its raised rim and the slope of Crater walls is in between 25 to 35 degree.
These findings will help the Space Scientists to understand further the process of the lunar region filled with lava.
Who was Vikram Sarabhai?
Sarabhai was an Indian physicist and astronomer who initiated space research and helped develop nuclear power in India.
He is internationally regarded as the Father of the Indian Space Program.
Known as the cradle of space sciences in India, the Physical Research Laboratory (PRL) was founded in 1947 by him. He was the founder of ISRO.
He started a project for the fabrication and launch of an Indian satellite.
As a result, the first Indian satellite, Aryabhata, was put in orbit in 1975 from a Russian cosmodrome.

Explanation: GM mustard has been developed by a team of scientists at Delhi University’s Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants led by former vice-chancellor Deepak Pental under a government-funded project.