Both options are not correct.
National Export Insurance Account (NEIA)
• NEIA is established in 2006 by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry to promote project exports from India that are of strategic and national importance. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• It aims to ensure the availability of credit risk cover for projects and other high-value exports, which are desirable from the point of view of national interest but which Export Credit Guarantee Corporation of India (ECGC) is unable to underwrite due to capacity constraints. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Exports to countries that are not likely to be covered on purely commercial considerations or are beyond country-exposure limits of ECGC or countries currently facing economic/political difficulties, but where Indian presence is required are eligible for this insurance.
• Transactions involving investments by Indian companies in overseas markets can be covered for the protection of their investments against expropriation risks and limited recourse covers (insolvency risks).

Only statement 2 and 3 are correct, 1 and 4 are not correct.
A recent report released by the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) mentions that the Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) scheme introduced in 2008 is not much effective.
Perform, Achieve and Trade (PAT) Scheme
• PAT is a flagship programme of the Bureau of Energy Efficiency under the National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency (NMEEE) under the Ministry of Power. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• It is a market-based compliance mechanism that aims to accelerate improvements in energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The scheme seeks to enhance cost-effectiveness through certification of excess energy savings in energy-intensive industries.
• Energy Saving Certificates (ESCerts) are issued to those plants that have achieved excess energy savings over their targets. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Units that are unable to meet the targets either through their own actions or through the purchase of ESCerts are liable to financial penalty under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001. Hence statement 4 is not correct.

SAMPANN Project
• SAMPANN stands for System for Accounting and Management of Pension project.
• It was launched in 2018 by the Controller General of Communication Accounts (CGCA), Department of Telecommunications.
• It provides direct credit of pension into the bank accounts of pensioners.
• It has helped the Department in faster settlement of pension cases, improved reconciliation/auditing and ease of accounting.

Both statements are correct.
Atmanirbhar Hastshilpkar Scheme
• This scheme aims to develop the artisans of the North Eastern Region by providing them financial assistance in the form of term loans for income-generating activities like setting up / expansion/modernization and other activities related to the sector.
• It is launched by North Eastern Development Finance Corporation Ltd. (NEDFi).
• Under the scheme, a total of 17 artisans have already been provided with credit assistance of Rs.1 lakh per artisan.
• The credit facility is collateral-free and carries a subsidized interest rate of 6% p.a., which is repayable in 24 months.
• For regular repayment, an incentive of 1% on the interest rate is provided, which will be refunded to the artisans on successful repayment of loans.

Only statements 1 and 2 are correct; 3 is not correct.
Recently, the National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd (NTPC) has awarded the country’s first green hydrogen microgrid project at its Simhadri (near Visakhapatnam) plant in Andhra Pradesh.
About the Project
• Under this project, hydrogen would be produced using the advanced 240 kW Solid Oxide Electrolyser by taking input power from the nearby Floating Solar project. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The hydrogen produced during sunshine hours would be stored at high pressure and would be electrified using a 50 kW Solid Oxide Fuel Cell. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• A solid oxide fuel cell (or SOFC) is an electrochemical conversion device that produces electricity directly from oxidizing a fuel.
• The system would work in standalone mode from 5 pm to 7 am. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Only component 3 is not correct. 1, 2, 4 and 5 are the components of PMKSY.
PMKSY
• It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (Core Scheme) launched in 2015.
• It aims to enhance physical access of water on farms and expand cultivable areas under assured irrigation, improve on-farm water use efficiency, introduce sustainable water conservation practices among others
Components of PMKSY
• Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP): It is being implemented by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. It aims to provide financial support to irrigation projects.
• Har Khet Ko Pani(HKKP): It consists of four subcomponents namely: Command Area Development (CAD), Surface Minor Irrigation(SMI), Repair, Renovation and Restoration(RRR) of Water Bodies and Ground Water Development component.
• Per Drop More Crop: It focuses on enhancing water use efficiency at the farm level through Micro Irrigation technologies, viz. Drip and Sprinkler irrigation systems.
• Watershed Development: It focuses on the development of rainfed areas towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of groundwater, arresting run-off and promoting extension activities related to water harvesting and management.

Open Acreage Licensing Programme (OALP)
• OAL was launched under the Hydrocarbon Exploration and Licensing Policy (HELP) in 2017.
• Under OALP, companies are allowed to carve out areas they want to explore oil and gas in. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Companies can put in an expression of interest (EOI) for any area throughout the year but such interests are accumulated thrice in a year. The areas sought are then offered for bidding.
• It provides uniform licences for exploration and production of all forms of hydrocarbons, enabling contractors to explore conventional as well as unconventional oil and gas resources. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Fields are offered under a revenue-sharing (NOT profit-sharing) model and throw up marketing and pricing freedom for crude oil and natural gas produced. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Only statement 2 is correct. 1 and 3 are not correct.
Seed Village Programme
• This program aims at upgrading the quality of farm-saved seeds.
• Under this, financial assistance is available for distribution of foundation/certified seeds at:
1. 50% of seed cost for cereal crops
2. 60% for pulses, oilseeds, fodder, and green manure crops
Hence statement 2 is correct.
The financial assistance is available for up to one acre per farmer. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
Objectives of the program
• Increasing the seed production
• Increasing the seed replacement rate. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• Organizing seed production in cluster (or) compact area replacing existing local varieties with new high yielding varieties
• Self-sufficiency and self-reliance of the village

Only statement 1 is correct, 2 is not correct.
What are Unicorns?
• A unicorn is a term used in the venture capital industry to describe a startup company with a value of over $1 billion.
• India – with 90 unicorns – is the third-largest unicorn hub behind the US (487) and China (301), and ahead of the UK (39).
• India has added 33 Unicorns in a single year. This has helped India overtake the UK in the number of Unicorns.
• However, US and China are way ahead of India in the number of Unicorns.
• The US has added 254 unicorns and now totals 487 companies, while China added 74 to take its tally to 301 Unicorns. These top-two occupants are home to 74% of the unicorn universe.

ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) Funds
• ESG funds imbibe environment, social responsibility and corporate governance in their investing process. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It is a kind of Mutual Fund. Its investing is used synonymously with sustainable investing or socially responsible investing. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• While selecting a stock for investment, the ESG fund shortlists companies that score high on environment, social responsibility and corporate governance, and then looks into financial factors.
• So, the scheme focuses on companies with environment-friendly practices, ethical business practices and an employee-friendly record.
• The fund is regulated by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI). Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• As ESG funds gain momentum in India, companies will be forced to improve governance and ethical practices, and act with greater social and environmental responsibility.

All the statements are correct.
What are Negative-Yield Bonds?
• These are debt instruments that offer to pay the investor a maturity amount lower than the purchase price of the bond.
• These are generally issued by central banks or governments, and investors pay interest to the borrower to keep their money with them.
Why do investors buy them?
• Negative-yield bonds attract investments during times of stress and uncertainty as investors look to protect their capital from significant erosion.
• At a time when the world is battling the Covid-19 pandemic and interest rates in developed markets across Europe are much lower.
• Hence, investors are looking for relatively better-yielding debt instruments to safeguard their interests.

Only statement 1 is correct. 2 and 3 are not correct.
What are Derivative Contracts?
• Derivative contracts are contracts between two or more parties where the derivative value is based upon an underlying asset, in this case agri commodities. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The prices of the derivatives are established by the price fluctuations of the underlying assets. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Derivatives can be traded on an exchange or over the counter (OTC). Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• Derivatives trading take place when traders speculate on the future price of an asset through buying or selling of derivative contracts to maximize profit as compared to buying the underlying asset outright.

Only statement 1 is correct, 2 is not correct.
What is the Co-Lending Model?
• It is a set-up where banks and non-banks enter into an arrangement for the joint contribution of credit for priority sector lending. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• This model aims to improve the flow of credit to the unserved and underserved sector of the economy.
• This allows for a joint contribution of credit at the facility level by both the lenders, as also sharing of risks and rewards. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• The lower cost of funds from banks and greater reach of the NBFCs will make available funds to the beneficiary at an affordable cost.

Both statements are correct.
Prompt Corrective Action (PCA) Framework
• Prompt Corrective Action Framework refers to the central bank’s watchlist of weak banks.
• The regulator imposes restrictions like curbs on lending on such banks.
• The RBI’s PCA Framework was introduced in December 2002 as a structured early intervention mechanism along the lines of the US Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation’s PCA framework. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The PCA Framework applies only to commercial banks and does not cover cooperative banks and non-banking financial companies.
Recent move:
• The framework will be applicable to all deposit-taking non-banking financial companies (NBFCs).
• All non-deposit taking NBFCs in the middle, upper and top layers including investment and credit companies, core investment companies, infrastructure debt funds, infrastructure finance companies and microfinance institutions will be covered.
• However, it has excluded NBFCs not accepting/not intending to accept public funds, primary dealers and housing finance companies along with government-owned ones.
Hence statement 2 is correct.

UDAN scheme (Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik) Scheme
• The scheme is aimed at enhancing connectivity to remote and regional areas of the country and making air travel affordable.
• The scheme will be jointly funded by the central government and state governments i.e. it is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• It is a key component of Centre’s National Civil Aviation Policy led by PM Modi and launched in June 2017. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• It is also known as the regional connectivity scheme (RCS) as it seeks to improve air connectivity to tier-2 and tier-3 cities through revival of unused and underused airports. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• Under the scheme, nearly half of the seats in UDAN flights are offered at subsidised fares, and the participating carriers are provided a certain amount of viability gap funding (VGF) – an amount shared between the Centre and the concerned states. Hence statement 4 is not correct.

Only statement 1 and 3 is correct, 2 is not correct.
Bank Deposit Insurance Programme
• Currently, a depositor has a claim to a maximum of Rs 5 lakh per account as insurance cover.
• This amount is termed ‘deposit insurance’. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The cover of Rs 5 lakh per depositor is provided by the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC). € Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Depositors having more than Rs 5 lakh in their account have no legal recourse to recover funds in case a bank collapses. Hence statement 3 correct.
• Premium for the insurance has been raised from 10 paise for every Rs 100 deposit, to 12 paise and a limit of 15 paise has been imposed.

Only statement 2 is correct. 1 and 3 are not correct.
Wage Rate Index (WRI)
• The WRI measures the relative changes in wage rates over a period of time; high or low WRI in an industry does not necessarily indicate high or low wage rate in that industry as compared to other industries. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• The new series on WRI has been compiled on a half-year basis (on the first of January and July every year) as against the annual in the existing series. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• The Ministry of Labour & Employment has released a new series of Wage Rate Index (WRI) with base year 2016, being compiled and maintained by the Labour Bureau, an attached office of the ministry.
• It is based on the recommendations of the International Labour Organization and the National Statistical Commission.
• Of the 37 industries covered, 16 new ones – including textile garments, footwear and petroleum – have been added under the manufacturing sector and mining. It does not include service sector. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

NOT correct is asked. Both statements are actually correct.
Differences between Natural Farming and Organic Farming
• In organic farming, organic fertilizers and manures like compost, vermicompost, cow dung manure, etc. are used and added to farmlands from external sources.
• In natural farming, neither chemical nor organic fertilizers are added to the soil.
• In fact, no external fertilizers are added to soil or given to plants whatsoever.

State of India’s Livelihood (SOIL) Report, 2021
• Access Development Services, a national livelihoods support organisation has prepared the SOIL report.
• It has analyzed only Farmer Producer Companies (FPC — FPOs registered under The Companies Act, 2013) since they make up a large majority of the organizations started in recent years.

All statements are not correct.
• ADD is a customs duty on imports providing a protection against the dumping of goods at prices substantially lower than the normal value. Hence statement 1 is not correct.
• Countervailing duty is a customs duty on goods that have received government subsidies in the originating or exporting country. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
What is Dumping?
• Dumping is said to occur when the goods are exported by a country to another country at a price lower than the price it normally charges in its own home market.
• This is an unfair trade practice which can have a distortive effect on international trade.
• Imposition of Anti-dumping duty is a measure to rectify the situation arising out of the dumping of goods and its trade distortive effect.
• The use of anti-dumping measures as an instrument of fair competition is permitted by the World Trade Organisation. Hence statement 3 is not correct.