Explanation:

Consumer Protection Act, 2019: Key Features
1) Definition of consumer
A consumer is defined as a person who buys any good or avails a service for a consideration.
It does not include a person who obtains a good for resale or a good or service for commercial purpose.
It covers transactions through all modes including offline, and online through electronic means, teleshopping, multi-level marketing or direct selling.
2) Rights of consumers
The following consumer rights have been defined in the Act, including the right to:

be protected against marketing of goods and services which are hazardous to life and property;
be informed of the quality, quantity, potency, purity, standard and price of goods or services;
be assured of access to a variety of goods or services at competitive prices; and
seek redressal against unfair or restrictive trade practices.

3) Establishment of Central Consumer Protection Authority
The central government will set up a CCPA to promote, protect and enforce the rights of consumers.
It will regulate matters related to violation of consumer rights, unfair trade practices, and misleading advertisements.
The CCPA will have an investigation wing, headed by a Director-General, which may conduct inquiry or investigation into such violations.
4) Penalties for misleading advertisement
The CCPA may impose a penalty on a manufacturer or an endorser of up to Rs 10 lakh and imprisonment for up to two years for a false or misleading advertisement.
In case of a subsequent offence, the fine may extend to Rs 50 lakh and imprisonment of up to five years.
CCPA can also prohibit the endorser of a misleading advertisement from endorsing that particular product or service for a period of up to one year.
For every subsequent offence, the period of prohibition may extend to three years.
5) Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission
CDRCs will be set up at the district, state, and national levels.
A consumer can file a complaint with CDRCs in relation to: unfair or restrictive trade practices; defective goods or services etc.
Complaints against an unfair contract can be filed with only the State and National Appeals from a District CDRC will be heard by the State CDRC.
Appeals from the State CDRC will be heard by the National CDRC. Final appeal will lie before the Supreme Court.
6) Jurisdiction of CDRCs
The District CDRC will entertain complaints where value of goods and services does not exceed Rs one crore.
The State CDRC will entertain complaints when the value is more than Rs one crore but does not exceed Rs 10 crore.
Complaints with value of goods and services over Rs 10 crore will be entertained by the National CDRC.

Explanation:

What is the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)?
The NAM is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.
The group was started in Belgrade, Yugoslavia in 1961.
After the UN, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.
Its formation
NAM emerged in the context of the wave of decolonization that followed World War II.
It was created by Yugoslavia’s President, Josip Broz Tito, India’s first PM, Jawaharlal Nehru, Egypt’s second President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ghana’s first president Kwame Nkrumah, and Indonesia’s first President, Sukarno.
All five leaders believed that developing countries should not help either the Western or Eastern blocs in the Cold War.
As a condition for membership, the states of the NAM cannot be part of a multilateral military alliance (such as the NATO) or have signed a bilateral military agreement with one of the “big powers” involved in Great Power conflicts.
However, its idea does not signify that a state ought to remain passive or even neutral in international politics.
Its relevance today
One of the challenges of the NAM in the 21st century has been to reassess its identity and purpose in the post-Cold War era.
The movement has continued to advocate for international cooperation, multilateralism, and national self-determination, but it has also been increasingly vocal against the inequities of the world economic order.
On the contrary, from the founding of the NAM, its stated aim has been to give a voice to developing countries and to encourage their concerted action in world affairs.
The geopolitics of opportunity
Non-alignment was a term of a particular era and geopolitical landscape. One aspect was independence, which remains a factor of continuity for India.
The consequences of global shifts, including the US and the assertiveness of China, are opening spaces for middle powers like India, Japan, the EU and others.
US repositioning has impacted everyone
The consequence of repositioning of the US, that the big umbrella is now smaller than it used to be, has allowed many other countries to play more autonomous roles.
India needs to take more “risks”, as the world expected it to take a more proactive stance on various issues including connectivity, maritime security, terrorism, climate change and terrorism

Explanation:

BlackRock
BlackRock isn’t exactly a new malware. In fact, it is based on the leaked source code of the Xeres malware, itself derived from a malware called LokiBot.
The only big difference between BlackRock and other Android banking trojans is that it can target more apps than previous malwares.
How does it work?
BlackRock works like most Android malware. Once installed on a phone, it monitors the targeted app.
When the user enters the login and/or credit card details, the malware sends the information to a server.
BlackRock uses the phone’s Accessibility feature and then uses an Android DPC (device policy controller) to provide access to other permissions.
It can be used to send and steal SMS messages, hide notifications, keylogging, AV detection, and much more.

Explanation:

According to the Centre for Near Earth Object Studies of NASA, NEOs are comets and asteroids nudged by the gravitational attraction of nearby planets into orbits which allows them to enter the Earth’s neighbourhood. These objects are composed mostly of water ice with embedded dust particles, and occasionally approach close to the Earth as they orbit the Sun. NASA’s Centre for Near-Earth Object Study (CNEOS) determines the times and distances of these objects as and when their approach to the Earth is close.

Explanation:

1. Dayanand Saraswati was born in 1824 in a Brahmin family in Morvi in Gujarat as Mula Shankar. He founded the Arya Samaj in Bombay in 1875.
2. Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by Dinabandhu Mitra in 1858–1859. The play was published from Dhaka in 1860, under a pseudonym of the author.
3. Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. Set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century.
4. Satyendranath Tagore (1st June, 1842 – 9th January, 1923) was the first Indian to join the Indian Civil Service. Satyendranath was selected for the Indian Civil Service in June, 1863.He completed his probationary training and returned to India in November 1864. Satyendranath was posted to Bombay presidency.