Options 1 and 3 are Incorrect:
The foreigners appointed as President of the INC are George Yule, William Wedderburn, Alfred Webb, Henry Cotton and Annie Besant.

Notably, Allan Octavian Hume was a member of the Imperial Civil Service, a political reformer and a founder of the Indian National Congress. However he never became the President of Congress.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
The bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon, who actually desired to abolish the racial prejudice from the Indian Penal Code.

Ripon had proposed an amendment for existing laws in the country and to allow Indian judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British offenders in criminal cases at the District level. It was never allowed before.

Both Statements are Correct:
-Indian Councils Act 1892 was the beginning of the parliamentary System in India.
-This act provided for additional member in central and provincial legislative councils. The members were allowed to ask questions on domestic matters with prior permission of the Governor General.

A system of indirect elections was introduced to elect the members of the councils. The universities, district board, municipalities, Zamindars and chambers of commerce were empowered to recommend members to provincial councils.

This act became the first step towards the beginning of the representative government in India but such representation was via only indirect elections and there was nothing for a common Indian.

Option C is Correct:
Azamgarh proclamation was published in the Delhi Gazette in the midst of the “Great Mutiny” of 1857. The author was most probably Firoz Shah, a grandson of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar (r. 1837–1857), whose restoration to full power was a main aim of the rebels.

It was issued on behalf of Bahadur Shah Zafar after the initial success in the revolt. It called upon the Indians of all classes and religions to rise up against the faithless English. It was basically an Indian rebel Manifesto.

Both Statements are Correct:
The Theosophist movement advocated the revival and strengthening of the ancient religions of Hinduism,Zoroastrianism and Buddhism.This movement came to be allied with Hindu renaissance. It accepted Hindu beliefs such as reincarnation, Upanishads and Vedanta.

Annie Besant is associated with this movement and was elected as the President of the Theosophical Society in 1907.

Option B is Correct:
Arya Samaj is an Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas. The samaj was founded by the sannyasi Dayananda Saraswati on 7 April 1875

Nil Darpan is a Bengali play written by DinabandhuMitra in 1858–1859. The play was published from Dhaka in 1860.

Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882.

Satyendranath Tagore(first to clear ICS) was selected for the Indian Civil Servicein June, 1863.

Both Statements are Correct:
-East India Association, 1866, was established by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.It was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the British Government.

Bangabhasa Prakashika Sabha was started by Associates of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1836 in Calcutta.
It was launched in 1836 under the leadership of Gourishankar Tarkabagish.
Objectives: to promote Bengali education by means of polemics and build up public opinion.

All Statements are Correct:
Pagal Panthis was a semi religious sect founded by Karam Shah in northern district of Bengal.Tipu, son of Karam Shah, played important role for this sect. Tipu was motivated by both religious and political motives and took up the cause of the tenants against the oppression of the Zamindars.

Faraizi Revolt Faraizis were the followers of the Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in East Bengal It advocated radical religious, social and political changes.The revolt aimed to expel English from Bengal. They also supported the cause of tenants against zamindars.

Ahom Revolt was against Britishers who had pledged to withdraw after first Burma War from Assam but instead attempted to incorporate Ahom’s territory in Company’s dominion. This sparked off a rebellion in 1828 under the leadership of Gomdhar Konwar.

Option B is Correct:
Portuguese – 1548
English – 1600
Dutch – 1602
Danish – 1616
French-1664

Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Indian National Social Conference was founded by M. G. Ranade and Raghunath Rao. It focused attention on the social issues of importance. INC did not want to include social reforms in its deliberations and decided to form a separate body for such a purpose. The Conference advocated intercaste marriages and opposed kulinism and polygamy. It launched the famous “Pledge Movement” to inspire people to take an oath to prohibit child marriage.

Option B is Correct:
Sanyasi Rebellion is very important. Some historians regard it as the first war of independence.
1.Sanyasi Rebellion 1770-1820
-Politico- Religious.
– Immediate cause of the rebellion was the restrictions imposed on the pilgrims visiting the holy places. Inspired the Chuar Revolt of 1799 and the Santhal Revolt of 1855–56

2.Chuar Revolt 1766-1772
-Tribal. Durjan Singh was the leader. Chaur is a derogatory term meaning ‘pig’. Targetted against the british.

3.Pagal Panthis of Bengal 1825-1850
-Politico- Religious
– Karam Shah and his son Tipu

4.Santhal 1854-56
– Bir Singh of Sasan in Lachimpur
– Sido and Kanho in Daman-i-koh fought to expel the outsiders – the dikus.

Option D is Correct:
Casteism was practised in Kerala during the 19th and early 20th centuries and the lower caste people such as Ezhavas and Thiyyas and the untouchable castes like Paraiyars, tribals and Pulayars had to suffer discrimination from the upper caste people such as Brahmins. It was against this discrimination that Guru performed his first major public act, the consecration of Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888.

Overall, he consecrated forty five temples across Kerala and Tamil Nadu. His consecrations were not necessarily conventional deities; a slab inscribed with the words, Truth, Ethics, Compassion, Love, a vegetarian Shiva, a mirror and a sculpture by an Italian sculptor were among the various consecrations made by him. He propagated the ideals of compassion and religious tolerance and one of his noted works, Anukampadasakam, extols various religious figures such as Krishna, The Buddha, Adi Shankara, Jesus Christ.

Option C is Correct:
Anandamath is a Bengali fiction, written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay and published in 1882. It is inspired by and set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the late 18th century, it is considered one of the most important novels in the history of Bengali and Indian literature. Its importance is heightened by the fact that it became synonymous with the struggle for Indian independence from the British Empire. Its first English publication was titled The Abbey of Bliss.

All Statements are Correct:
This Act was also referred to as the “Gaging Act”. It empowered a magistrate to require a printer or publisher to deposit security or enter into a bond bending himself not to print or publish anything likely to incite feelings of dissatisfaction towards the Government or hatred between the different races of India.

The Government was authorized to warn as well as to confiscate the plant, the deposit etc, in the event of publication of some undesirable matter. The printer was given the option of submitting proofs to the official censor and dropping all rejected matter and thus escape from the clutches of law. The action of magistrate was final and could not be challenged in a court of law.

Option B is Correct:
The United Indian Patriotic Association was a political organisation founded in 1888 by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, the founder of the Aligarh Muslim University and Raja Shiv Prasad Singh of Benaras. Opposed to the Indian National Congress, the group aimed to develop close ties between the Muslim community and the British Raj.

Both Statements are Correct:
Portuguese were first Europeans to settle and colonize in India. They came to India mainly to trade spices but gradually made colonies here. In their expansion,artillery gave them great advantage in sea warfare.By 19th century, Portuguese were confined to only Goa, Daman and Diu. They retained it till 1961, when the armies of Independent India forced them out.

Both Statements are Correct:
Treaty of Salbai was signed between the Marathas and the British East India Company.

As per this treaty:
– British acknowledged Madhavrao Narayan as Peshwa of the Maratha Empire
– British Recognized the Territorial claims of Madhav Rao Scindia in west of Yamuna River.
– Raghunath Rao was freed and a pension was fixed for them.
– British East India Company got the control of the Salsette.
– British promised to support Marathas in case they attack Hyder Ali of Mysore and retake the territories of Carnatic.
– In summary, the Treaty of Salbai which was the outcome of the First Anglo Maratha war maintained the status quo.

All Statements are Correct:
Lack of Planning and Co-ordination:
– There was no planning among the rebels. Different groups pulled in different directions. The principal rebel leaders – Nana Saheb, Tantia Tope, Kunwar Singh, Rani Laxmibai were no match to their British opponents in generalship.
Weak Leadership of the 1857 Mutiny

– The rebel sepoys declared the Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah II as the Emperor of India and the symbol of the revolt. However Bahadur Shah II was already into semi-retirement and hesitant to lead the revolt. Apart from this there were multiple leaders at different storm centres of the revolt and all were fighting the British for their own reasons and not one single cause.

Military Causes of Failure of 1857 Revolt:
– Superior British Army
– The Indian rebels possessed great courage and will to fight the British enemy, however, they lacked the sophisticated arms and ammunition of the British army. The European soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons like the Enfield rifle. While the Indian rebels fought the 1857 mutiny mostly with swords and spears and very few guns and muskets.

Limited Supplies and Lack of Modern Communication:
– The Indian rebels had limited military supplies. They used weapons and bullets from wherever they could loot or they already possessed while the British soldiers had advantage of the modern Railways and the Telegraph that had already started to communicate and plan quickly. The British also possessed almost unlimited supplies of modern artillery to quickly suppress the 1857 Revolt.

Lack of Societal Alternative:
– By proclaiming Bahadur Shah as the leader of the Revolt, the mutinous sepoys demonstrated a lack of societal alternative to the British occupation. One foreign power was to be supplanted by former feudal powers. For this reason the masses did not participate in the Revolt.

Limited Spread of the Revolt:
– The 1857 Revolt remained concentrated in the Central India and some parts of north-Western India. It did not spread to South India and most of Eastern and Western India. Madras, Bombay, Bengal and the Western Punjab remained undisturbed.

Statement 1 is Incorrect:
Introduction of Zamindari settlement in the tribal areas were the major reason for the Santhal uprising. A major tribal resistance movement broke out just before the Revolt of 1857 in the Santhal area of Chollangpur in the present state of Jharkhand which was known as the Santhal Uprising. A major cause of their protest was the exploitation of the money lenders and intermediaries of the Zamindars.

Confiscation of their properties as well as their lands compelled the Santhals to raise their voice against the British rule. Moreover, forced labour and sexual exploitation of tribal women at the worksites was also a greater concern of the Santhals. Under the leadership of Sidho and Kanhu, they stood up and defied their exploiters. On June 30, 1855 ten thousand Santhals assembled at Bhaghadihi where they announced their war against then British.

The latter was compelled to deploy the regular columns of the army to suppress them. The defeat of the British army under Major Burrough by the Santhals at the initial stage was a significant incident of the rebellion. However, the Santhals were finally suppressed by the British army by the end of 1856. To prevent the Santhals from revolting in future, a separate district of Santhal Paragana was carved out by the Company.

Statement 2 is Incorrect:
After the Battle of Plassey, the pattern of the company’s commercial relations with India underwent a qualitative change.

– English East India Company constantly opened new market for Indian Goods in Britain and other countries. Thereby, it increased the export of Indian manufacture and thus encouraged their production.

– This is the reason, why the Indian rulers tolerated and even encouraged the establishment of the company’s factories in India.