Oyashio current – Pacific Ocean
• Benguela current – South Atlantic Ocean

Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below:
• The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depend mainly on evaporation and precipitation.
• Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from rivers, and in polar regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
• Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
• The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density influences the salinity of water in an area.
• Sodium chloride constitutes around 77.7% of ocean salts.

Gini Coefficient is a popular statistical measure to gauge the rich-poor income or wealth divide. It measures inequality of a distribution — be it of income or wealth — within nations or States. Its value varies anywhere from zero to 1; zero indicating perfect equality and one indicating the perfect inequality.
Gini Coefficients can be used to compare income distribution of a country over time as well. An increasing trend indicates that income inequality is rising independent of absolute incomes.
A general rise in Gini Coefficient indicates that government policies are not inclusive and may be benefiting the rich more than the poor

“Crowding out” effect refers to how increased government spending, for which it must borrow more money, tends to reduce private spending. This happens because when the government takes up the lion’s share of funds available in the banking system, less of it is left for private borrowers. This also impacts interest rates in the economy.
Sometimes, government adopts an expansionary fiscal policy stance and increases its spending to boost the economic activity. This leads to an increase in interest rates. Increased interest rates affect private investment decisions. A high magnitude of the crowding out effect may even lead to lesser income in the economy.

The RBI Board is a body comprising officials from the central bank and the Government of India, including officials nominated by the government. According to the RBI, the “general superintendence and direction of the affairs and business of the RBI is entrusted to the Central Board” and the Board exercises all powers and does all acts and things that are exercised by the RBI. The Board is also to recommend to the government the design, form and material of bank notes and also when and where they can serve as legal tender. The Board consists of official directors, who include the Governor and up to four Deputy Governors, non-official directors, who include up to ten directors from various fields and two government officials, and one director from each of four local boards of the RBI.
Section 7 of the RBI Act basically empowers the government to supersede the RBI Board and issue directions to the central bank if they are considered to be “necessary in public interest”.