Only statement 1 and 4 are correct; 2 and 3 are not correct.
New Development Bank (NDB)
• It is a multilateral development bank jointly founded by the BRICS countries. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• Its focus is to finance infrastructure and sustainable development in emerging market and developing countries. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• It supports sovereign and non-sovereign projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• It is headquartered in Shanghai.
• All members of UN could be members of the NDB; however the share of the BRICS nations can never be less than 55% of voting power. Hence statement 4 is correct.

Both statements are not correct.
Contingent Reserves Arrangement (CRA)
• It is a framework for the provision of support through liquidity and precautionary instruments to strengthen financial stability.
• The focus of CRA is to deal with any short-term balance of payments pressures that the BRICS nations may face.
• The initial committed resources are $100 billion with individual commitments as follows,
1. China – $41 billion
2. Brazil – $18 billion
3. Russia – $18 billion
4. India – $18 billion
5. South Africa – $5 billion

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, 3 is not correct.
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB)
• AIIB is a multilateral financial institution which brings countries together to address the daunting infrastructure needs across Asia. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It aims to stimulate growth and improve access to basic services by furthering interconnectivity and economic development in the region through advancements in infrastructure.
• It is headquartered Beijing, China. (ADB: Shanghai) Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• The membership is open to members of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development or the Asian Development Bank.
• China is the largest shareholder in AIIB with a 26.06% voting power, followed by India with 7.62% and Russia with 5.92% voting power. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• US & Japan are not its members.

Only statement 1 is correct, 2 and 3 are not correct.
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
• It is a principal Organ of UN. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• All the member states of UN automatically become members of ICJ. Hence statement 2 is not correct.
• Not a criminal court and therefore, it does not have a prosecutor able to initiate proceedings. Hence statement 3 is not correct.
• Settles disputes between member states, with their consent, on issues of sovereignty, trade, natural resources, treaty violations, treaty interpretation, and etc.

Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
• It is an intergovernmental organization located at The Hague, Netherlands.
• It provides services of arbitral tribunal to resolve disputes between member states, international organizations, or private parties arising out of international agreements.
• The cases span a range of legal issues involving territorial and maritime boundaries, sovereignty, human rights, international investment, and international and regional trade.
• The organization is not a United Nations agency but has observer status in the UN General Assembly.
• PCA has no sitting judges; instead parties themselves select the arbitrators.
Hence statement (d) is correct.

Only statement 3 is not correct, 1 and 2 are correct.
UN Convention on the Law of Sea
• It provides a regulatory framework for the use of the world‘s seas and oceans, to ensure the conservation and equitable usage of resources and the marine environment and to ensure the protection and preservation of the living resources of the sea.
• UN has no direct operational role in the implementation of the Convention. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The convention has created 3 new institutions on the international scene,
1. International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea
2. International Seabed Authority
3. Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf
• The convention gives a clear definition on Internal Waters, Territorial Waters, Archipelagic Waters, Contiguous Zone, Exclusive Economic Zone, and Continental Shelf. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• Mineral resource exploitation in deep seabed areas beyond national jurisdiction is regulated through the International Seabed Authority and the Common heritage of mankind principle. Hence statement 3 is not correct.

Neptune Declaration
• Signed by more than 500 organizations, the Neptune Declaration highlights the main actions that are required to be taken in order to resolve the crew change crisis.
• It outlines four main actions that are needful to address the crew change crisis:
1. To recognize the seafarers as the key workers and provide them priority access to Covid-19 vaccines;
2. To establish and implement the gold standard health protocols which are based on the existing best practice;
3. To increase the collaboration between the ship operators and charterers to facilitate the crew changes;
4. To ensure the air connectivity between the key maritime hubs for seafarers.

Only statement 3 is correct, 1 and 2 are not correct.
International Whaling Commission
• It was set up under the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling for the proper conservation of whale stocks and thus make possible the orderly development of the whaling industry.
• Its objectives are
1. Setting out catch limits by species and area which may be zero as it the case for commercial whaling,
2. Designating specified areas as whale sanctuaries,
3. Protection of calves and females accompanied bycalves,
4. Prescribe open and closed seasons and areas for whaling and restrictions on hunting methods.
• An integral part of the Convention is legally binding Schedule which sets out specific measures.
• The IWC has no ability to enforce any of its decisions through penalty imposition.
• India is a member of IWC.

RIMES
• Regional Integrated Multi-Hazard Early Warning System for Africa and Asia (RIMES) is an intergovernmental institution registered with UN, for the generation and application of early warning information.
• It was established in 2009, evolved from the efforts of countries in Africa and Asia, in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami.
• It works with 12 member states and 19 collaborating countries.
• The member states are Bangladesh, Cambodia, Comoros, India, Lao PDR, Maldives, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Seychelles, Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste.
• It works with a multi-hazard framework for the generation and communication of early warning information and capacity building for preparedness and response to trans-boundary hazards.
• It operates from its regional early warning centre in Pathumthani, Thailand.

Both statements are correct.
Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS)
• It is a voluntary initiative that seeks to increase maritime co-operation among navies of the littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region by providing an open and inclusive forum for discussion of regionally relevant maritime issues.
• It includes 23 nations that permanently hold territory that lies within the Indian Ocean, and 9 observer nations
• Members include: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Pakistan, Seychelles, Sri Lanka, Iran, Oman, Saudi Arabia, UAE, France, Kenya, Mauritius, Mozambique, South Africa, Tanzania, Eriteria, Australia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand & Timor.

Seabed 2030 Project
• It is a collaborative project between the Nippon Foundation of Japan and the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO).
• It aims to bring together all available bathymetric data (depth and shape of the ocean floor) to create a map of the world ocean floor by 2030 and make it available to all.
• The data is fundamental for understanding ocean circulation, tides, tsunami forecasting, fishing resources, underwater geo-hazards, cable and pipeline routing, mineral extraction, oil and gas exploration.
• It helps in gaining the knowledge of bathymetry, the measurement of the shape and depth of the ocean floor.

Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
• It was established by a resolution adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO.
• It assists governments to address their individual and collective ocean and coastal management needs, through the sharing of knowledge, information and technology.
• It also coordinates & fosters the establishment of regional intergovernmental coordinating tsunami warning systems in the Pacific & Indian Oceans, in the North East Atlantic, Mediterranean and Caribbean seas.
• HQ – Paris: Members – 150 including India.
• General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO), Tara Expeditions, Océanopolis Brest are some of its partners.

Caspian Sea Breakthrough Treaty
• Caspian Sea is bounded by 5 nations – Kazakhstan, Russia, Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan. (TARIK)
• These nations reached an agreement on sovereign rights to the sea in 2018 after more than 2 decades of disputes.
• It paves the way for new oil and gas extraction and pipelines.

Statements 1 and 2 are correct, 3 is not correct.
Wassenaar Arrangement
• It promotes transparency and greater responsibility in transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• It came into being in 1996 to succeed the Cold War-era Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls.
• It has 42 members and with the exception of China, all the other permanent UNSC members are signatories. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• India has been admitted as the 42nd member, which will strengthen India‘s credentials as a responsible nuclear power. Hence statement 3 is NOT correct.

Both statements are incorrect.
Missile Technology Control Regime
• It was established in 1987 by Japan.
• It aims to limit the spread of ballistic missiles and other unmanned delivery systems that could be used for chemical, biological, and nuclear attacks.
• It has 35 members, which include most of the world’s key missile manufacturers, including India.
• It seeks to restrict the exports of missiles and related technologies of any type of weapon of mass destruction.
Australia Group
• It seeks to ensure that exports do not contribute to the development of chemical or biological weapons.
• It has 43 members including India.
• China is not a member of AG nor of MTCR nor Wassenaar Arrangement.
• Delegations representing the countries meet every year in Paris.

All the statements are correct.
Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
• The treaty was signed in the year 1987 between United States and the then Soviet Union. Hence statement 1 is correct.
• The treaty prohibited land-based cruise or ballistic missiles with ranges between 500 and 5,500 km. Hence statement 2 is correct.
• It did not cover air- or sea-launched weapons. Hence statement 3 is correct.
• The treaty marked the first time the superpowers had agreed to reduce their nuclear arsenal& eliminate entire category of nuclear weapons.
• The US has alleged that Russia violated the treaty and it has deployed the non-compliant missile. On August 2 2019, the US formally quitted the treaty.

The Great Reset
• The Great Reset is the name of the 50th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF).
• It brought together high-profile business and political leaders, convened by Charles, Prince of Wales and the WEF, with the theme of rebuilding society and the economy following the COVID-19 pandemic.
 

Only statement 1 is correct, 2 is not correct.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• It was founded in 1949 as a defence alliance.
• It is an intergovernmental political and military alliance among 29 independent member countries across North American and European states.
• The key member States included the United States, Canada, and American allies in Europe.
• NATO is committed to the principle that an attack against one or several of its members is considered as an attack against all.
• This is the principle of collective defence, which is enshrined in Article 5 of the Washington Treaty.
• All Alliance decisions are taken by consensus, with each ally having an equal say.

Only statement 1 is correct.
Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) Programme
• TIWB is a capacity-building programme, which is joint initiative of the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
• TIWB was launched in July 2015 to strengthen developing countries’ auditing capacity and multinationals’ compliance worldwide.
• It deploys qualified experts in developing countries across Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean,
1. To build tax capacity in areas of audit, criminal tax investigations
2. For effective use of automatically exchanged information.
Recently, India was chosen as the Partner Jurisdiction and has provided the Tax Expert for the TIWB programme in Bhutan.

All the statements are correct.
Asia Pacific Trade Agreement
• It is a preferential trade agreement, under which the basket of items as well as extent of tariff concessions are enlarged during the trade negotiating rounds.
• It was signed in 1975 as an initiative of UN- Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
• It is previously named the Bangkok Agreement.
• Its members include Bangladesh, China, India, South Korea, Laos & Sri Lanka.
• APTA is the only operational trade agreement linking China and India.