Option c is correct.
Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low rainfall in the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Along the piedmont zone of the Western Ghat, long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil.
Yellow and red soils are also found in parts of Odisha and Chhattisgarh and in the southern parts of the middle Ganga plain. The soil develops a reddish colour due to a wide diffusion of iron in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form. The fine-grained red and yellow soils are normally fertile, whereas coarse-grained soils found in dry upland areas are poor in fertility. They are generally poor in
nitrogen, phosphorous and humus.

1 and 3 are correct.
Many jet aircrafts fly in the stratosphere because it is very stable.
Auroras are the result of disturbances in the magnetosphere caused by solar wind. These particles, mainly electrons and protons, precipitate into the upper atmosphere (thermosphere/exosphere).
The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth’s atmosphere, and is also where nearly all weather conditions take place.

All statements are correct.

The top of the mesosphere, called the mesopause, is the coldest part of Earth’s atmosphere. Temperatures in the upper mesosphere fall as low as −101 °C (172 K; −150 °F), varying according to latitude and season. An isothermal layer is defined as a vertical column of air having a constant temperature with height.

Option a is correct.

1, 2, 3 and 4 are correct.

Water seeps into cracks and crevices in rock. If the temperature drops low enough, the water will freeze. When water freezes, it expands.
The ice then works as a wedge. It slowly widens the cracks and splits the rock. When ice melts, water performs the act of erosion by carrying away the tiny rock fragments lost in the split. Weathering is a natural process, but human activities can speed it up.
For example, certain kinds of air pollution increase the rate of weathering. Burning coal, natural gas, and petroleum releases chemicals such as nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere. When these chemicals combine with sunlight and moisture, they change into acids. They then fall back to Earth as acid rain. Acid rain rapidly weathers limestone, marble, and other kinds of stone. The effects of acid rain can often be seen on gravestones, making names and other inscriptions impossible to read.