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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to non-ionising radiations.
1. They have low penetrating power.
2. They may cause snow blindness.
3. They include X-rays, cosmic rays and atomic radiations.
Select the correct code from the codes goven below.Correct
• Radioactivity is a phenomenon of spontaneous emission of proton (a-particles), electrons (ß-particles) and gamma rays (short wave electromagnetic waves) due to disintegration of atomic nuclei of some elements. These cause radioactive pollution.
Radiations are of two types with regard to the mode of their action on cells.
1. Non-ionising radiations:
• They include short-wave radiations such as ultraviolet rays, which forms a part of solar radiation.
• They have low penetrating power and affect the cells and molecules which absorb them. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• They damage eyes which may be caused by reflections from coastal sand, snow (snow blindness), directly looking towards sun during eclipse. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• They injure the cells of skin and blood capillaries producing blisters and reddening called sunburns.
2. Ionising radiations.
• They include X-rays, cosmic rays and atomic radiations (radiations emitted by radioactive elements). Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Ionising radiations have high penetration power and cause breakage of macro molecules.
• The molecular damage may produce short range (immediate) or long range (delayed) effects.
i. Short range effects include burns, impaired metabolism, dead tissues and death of the organisms.
ii. Long range effects are mutations increased incidence of tumors and cancer, shortening of life-span and developmental changes.
iii. The mutated gene can persist in living organisms and may affect their progeny.
• The actively dividing cells such as Embryo, foetus, cells of skin, intestinal lining, bone marrow and gamete forming cells are more sensitive to radiations.
• Some species of animals and plants preferentially accumulate specific radioactive materials. For example, oysters deposit 65Zn, fish accumulate 55Fe, marine animals selectively deposit 90Sr.Incorrect
• Radioactivity is a phenomenon of spontaneous emission of proton (a-particles), electrons (ß-particles) and gamma rays (short wave electromagnetic waves) due to disintegration of atomic nuclei of some elements. These cause radioactive pollution.
Radiations are of two types with regard to the mode of their action on cells.
1. Non-ionising radiations:
• They include short-wave radiations such as ultraviolet rays, which forms a part of solar radiation.
• They have low penetrating power and affect the cells and molecules which absorb them. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• They damage eyes which may be caused by reflections from coastal sand, snow (snow blindness), directly looking towards sun during eclipse. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• They injure the cells of skin and blood capillaries producing blisters and reddening called sunburns.
2. Ionising radiations.
• They include X-rays, cosmic rays and atomic radiations (radiations emitted by radioactive elements). Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• Ionising radiations have high penetration power and cause breakage of macro molecules.
• The molecular damage may produce short range (immediate) or long range (delayed) effects.
i. Short range effects include burns, impaired metabolism, dead tissues and death of the organisms.
ii. Long range effects are mutations increased incidence of tumors and cancer, shortening of life-span and developmental changes.
iii. The mutated gene can persist in living organisms and may affect their progeny.
• The actively dividing cells such as Embryo, foetus, cells of skin, intestinal lining, bone marrow and gamete forming cells are more sensitive to radiations.
• Some species of animals and plants preferentially accumulate specific radioactive materials. For example, oysters deposit 65Zn, fish accumulate 55Fe, marine animals selectively deposit 90Sr. -
Question 2 of 20
2. Question
1 pointsIdentify the correct statement/s with respect to Luhman 16 recently seen in news?
1. It consists of a pair of brown dwarfs.
2. It is the third closest system to the Sun.Correct
Why in News
Recently, a group of astrophysicists have found that the closest known brown dwarf, Luhman 16A shows signs of cloud bands similar to those seen on Jupiter and Saturn.Luhman 16
• Luhman 16A is part of a binary system (Luhman 16) containing a second brown dwarf, Luhman 16B. This pair of brown dwarfs Luhman 16A and Luhman 16B
orbit each other. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It is situated at a distance of about 6.5 light years from the Sun and the third closest system to the Sun after Alpha Centauri and Barnard’s star.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Despite the fact that Luhman 16A and 16B have similar masses and temperatures and presumably formed at the same time, they show markedly different weather.
• Luhman 16B shows no sign of stationary cloud bands, instead showing evidence of more irregular, patchy clouds. Luhman 16B, therefore, has noticeable brightness variations as a result of its cloudy features, unlike Luhman 16A which has less brightness variation due to a band of clouds.
• Understanding the cloud system over a brown dwarf can shed light on the pressure, temperature and climate on the surface of the celestial body.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, a group of astrophysicists have found that the closest known brown dwarf, Luhman 16A shows signs of cloud bands similar to those seen on Jupiter and Saturn.Luhman 16
• Luhman 16A is part of a binary system (Luhman 16) containing a second brown dwarf, Luhman 16B. This pair of brown dwarfs Luhman 16A and Luhman 16B
orbit each other. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• It is situated at a distance of about 6.5 light years from the Sun and the third closest system to the Sun after Alpha Centauri and Barnard’s star.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Despite the fact that Luhman 16A and 16B have similar masses and temperatures and presumably formed at the same time, they show markedly different weather.
• Luhman 16B shows no sign of stationary cloud bands, instead showing evidence of more irregular, patchy clouds. Luhman 16B, therefore, has noticeable brightness variations as a result of its cloudy features, unlike Luhman 16A which has less brightness variation due to a band of clouds.
• Understanding the cloud system over a brown dwarf can shed light on the pressure, temperature and climate on the surface of the celestial body. -
Question 3 of 20
3. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following are advantages of carbon nanomaterials based supercapacitors?
1. High energy density
2. High power density
3. Energy storage
4. Cost-effectiveCorrect
Why in News
Recently, a group of researchers (including a recipient of the INSPIRE Faculty Award) have made significant
achievements in developing nanomaterials based supercapacitors to achieve high energy density and power
density of supercapacitors.Nanomaterials Based Supercapacitors:
• The researchers have been working on carbon (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene) nanomaterials based supercapacitors to achieve high energy density and power density of supercapacitors.
• High energy density of supercapacitors suggests that constant current can be withdrawn for a longer duration without recharging. Hence automobiles can run longer distances without charging.
• Thus, researchers have developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at a moderate temperature of 100°C with high capacitance performance. It is cost-effective and suitable for commercial purposes.
• The focus on energy devices paves the way for the development of cost-effective and efficient devices, which can be used for energy storage application.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, a group of researchers (including a recipient of the INSPIRE Faculty Award) have made significant
achievements in developing nanomaterials based supercapacitors to achieve high energy density and power
density of supercapacitors.Nanomaterials Based Supercapacitors:
• The researchers have been working on carbon (Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene) nanomaterials based supercapacitors to achieve high energy density and power density of supercapacitors.
• High energy density of supercapacitors suggests that constant current can be withdrawn for a longer duration without recharging. Hence automobiles can run longer distances without charging.
• Thus, researchers have developed a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) at a moderate temperature of 100°C with high capacitance performance. It is cost-effective and suitable for commercial purposes.
• The focus on energy devices paves the way for the development of cost-effective and efficient devices, which can be used for energy storage application. -
Question 4 of 20
4. Question
1 pointsSelect the correct statement/s from the following statements.
1. Both Covid-19 and Swine flu are caused due to viruses from non-human hosts.
2. Both are respiratory viruses that spread through contact.Correct
Why in News
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi and Tamil Nadu account for about 70% of India’s confirmed Covid-19
cases till now.
• Data from the Health Ministry’s National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), show that these are also the
states which consistently accounted for the majority of Swine Flu (H1N1) cases, since 2015.Parallels between Covid-19 and Swine Flu
• Both are caused due to pathogens that trace their origins to viruses from non-human hosts even though they belong to different families. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Both are respiratory viruses that spread through contact. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Both infiltrate the lungs and cause characteristic pulmonary infections but they have varying lethality.
• Swine flu infections have a higher case fatality rate (deaths per confirmed cases) and can cause significant deaths in children as well as those less than 60.
• Covid-19 is relatively more dangerous to those above 60 and almost harmless in children. However, due to lack of sufficient research, it cannot be said which age group is safer or not.
• High number of Covid-19 and Swine Flu cases have been observed in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• The relative dominance of these diseases can be attributed to the migration for work.Incorrect
Why in News
Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Delhi and Tamil Nadu account for about 70% of India’s confirmed Covid-19
cases till now.
• Data from the Health Ministry’s National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), show that these are also the
states which consistently accounted for the majority of Swine Flu (H1N1) cases, since 2015.Parallels between Covid-19 and Swine Flu
• Both are caused due to pathogens that trace their origins to viruses from non-human hosts even though they belong to different families. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Both are respiratory viruses that spread through contact. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Both infiltrate the lungs and cause characteristic pulmonary infections but they have varying lethality.
• Swine flu infections have a higher case fatality rate (deaths per confirmed cases) and can cause significant deaths in children as well as those less than 60.
• Covid-19 is relatively more dangerous to those above 60 and almost harmless in children. However, due to lack of sufficient research, it cannot be said which age group is safer or not.
• High number of Covid-19 and Swine Flu cases have been observed in Gujarat and Maharashtra.
• The relative dominance of these diseases can be attributed to the migration for work. -
Question 5 of 20
5. Question
1 points“COBAS 6800” recently seen in news is a:
Correct
Why in News
The Union Health Minister inaugurated the first automated coronavirus testing device named ‘COBAS 6800’.
• This is the first such testing machine that has been procured by the Government for testing of Covid-19 cases and is installed at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).Key Points
• COBAS 6800 is a fully automated, high end machine for performing Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing for Covid-19.
• It will provide quality, high-volume testing as it can test around 1200 samples in 24 hours. This will largely increase the testing capacity in the country.
• It is a sophisticated machine enabled with robotics that minimizes the chance of contamination as well as the risk of infection to the health care workers.
• The machine requires a minimum Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2+) containment level for testing, thus it was placed at the NCDC.
• BSL2+ covers laboratories that work with agents associated with human diseases (i.e. pathogenic or infectious organisms) that pose a moderate
health hazard.
• The device can also detect other pathogens like Viral Hepatitis B & C, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Papilloma,
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, Chlamydia (a bacterial infection), Neisseria (bacteria) etc.Incorrect
Why in News
The Union Health Minister inaugurated the first automated coronavirus testing device named ‘COBAS 6800’.
• This is the first such testing machine that has been procured by the Government for testing of Covid-19 cases and is installed at the National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC).Key Points
• COBAS 6800 is a fully automated, high end machine for performing Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing for Covid-19.
• It will provide quality, high-volume testing as it can test around 1200 samples in 24 hours. This will largely increase the testing capacity in the country.
• It is a sophisticated machine enabled with robotics that minimizes the chance of contamination as well as the risk of infection to the health care workers.
• The machine requires a minimum Biosafety Level 2 (BSL2+) containment level for testing, thus it was placed at the NCDC.
• BSL2+ covers laboratories that work with agents associated with human diseases (i.e. pathogenic or infectious organisms) that pose a moderate
health hazard.
• The device can also detect other pathogens like Viral Hepatitis B & C, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Papilloma,
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, Chlamydia (a bacterial infection), Neisseria (bacteria) etc. -
Question 6 of 20
6. Question
1 pointsConisder the following statements.
1. The fragments of DNA can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis.
2. DNA fragments are positively charged molecules.
3. The most commonly used matrix to separate DNA is agarose.
Select the correct code from the codes given below.Correct
Separation and isolation of DNA fragments :
• The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Nowadays the most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment
size, the farther it moves.Incorrect
Separation and isolation of DNA fragments :
• The cutting of DNA by restriction endonucleases results in the fragments of DNA. These fragments can be separated by a technique known as gel electrophoresis. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Since DNA fragments are negatively charged molecules they can be separated by forcing them to move towards the anode under an electric field through a medium/matrix. Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• Nowadays the most commonly used matrix is agarose which is a natural polymer extracted from sea weeds. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment
size, the farther it moves. -
Question 7 of 20
7. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statement/s is/are correct with respect ot innate immunity?
1. Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the time of birth.
2. It is pathogen specific and has a memory.Correct
• The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms,
conferred by the immune system is called immunity.
• Immunity is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) Acquired
immunity.
(i) Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the
time of birth.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• This is accomplished by providing different types of barriers
to the entry of the foreign agents into our body.
(ii) Acquired immunity, on the other hand is pathogen specific.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is characterised by memory. This means when our body encounters a
pathogen for the first time it produces a response called primary
response which is of low intensity. Subsequent encounter with the same
pathogen elicits a highly intensified secondary or anamnestic response.
This is ascribed to the fact that our body appears to have memory of the
first encounter.Incorrect
• The overall ability of the host to fight the disease-causing organisms,
conferred by the immune system is called immunity.
• Immunity is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) Acquired
immunity.
(i) Innate immunity is non-specific type of defence, that is present at the
time of birth.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• This is accomplished by providing different types of barriers
to the entry of the foreign agents into our body.
(ii) Acquired immunity, on the other hand is pathogen specific.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is characterised by memory. This means when our body encounters a
pathogen for the first time it produces a response called primary
response which is of low intensity. Subsequent encounter with the same
pathogen elicits a highly intensified secondary or anamnestic response.
This is ascribed to the fact that our body appears to have memory of the
first encounter. -
Question 8 of 20
8. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statement/s is/are correct with respect to National Supercomputing Mission (NSM)?
1. It supports the government’s vision of ‘Digital India’ and ‘Make in India’ initiatives.
2. These supercomputers will be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the
National Knowledge Network (NKN).
3. Param Shivay is NSM’s first supercomputer.Correct
Why in News
Recently, a Right to Information (RTI) reply has revealed that India has produced just three supercomputers
since 2015 under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).National Supercomputing Mission
• It was announced in 2015, with an aim to connect national academic and R&D institutions with a grid
of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities at an estimated cost of ₹4,500 crores over
the period of seven years.
• It supports the government’s vision of ‘Digital India’ and ‘Make in India’ initiatives. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission will be implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science
and Technology) and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), through the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune and Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
• It is also an effort to improve the number of supercomputers owned by India.
• These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the
National Knowledge Network (NKN). The NKN connects academic institutions and R&D labs over a high-speed network.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Under NSM, the long-term plan is to build a strong base of 20,000 skilled persons over the next five years
who will be equipped to handle the complexities of supercomputers.Progress of NSM:
• NSM’s first supercomputer named Param Shivay has been installed in IIT-BHU, Varanasi, in 2019.
– It has 837 TeraFlop High-Performance Computing (HPC) capacity. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The second supercomputer with a capacity of 1.66 PetaFlop has been installed at IIT-Kharagpur.
• The third system, Param Brahma, has been installed at IISER-Pune, which has a capacity of 797 TeraFlop.+944Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, a Right to Information (RTI) reply has revealed that India has produced just three supercomputers
since 2015 under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).National Supercomputing Mission
• It was announced in 2015, with an aim to connect national academic and R&D institutions with a grid
of more than 70 high-performance computing facilities at an estimated cost of ₹4,500 crores over
the period of seven years.
• It supports the government’s vision of ‘Digital India’ and ‘Make in India’ initiatives. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission will be implemented by the Department of Science and Technology (Ministry of Science
and Technology) and Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), through the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune and Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru.
• It is also an effort to improve the number of supercomputers owned by India.
• These supercomputers will also be networked on the National Supercomputing grid over the
National Knowledge Network (NKN). The NKN connects academic institutions and R&D labs over a high-speed network.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Under NSM, the long-term plan is to build a strong base of 20,000 skilled persons over the next five years
who will be equipped to handle the complexities of supercomputers.Progress of NSM:
• NSM’s first supercomputer named Param Shivay has been installed in IIT-BHU, Varanasi, in 2019.
– It has 837 TeraFlop High-Performance Computing (HPC) capacity. Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• The second supercomputer with a capacity of 1.66 PetaFlop has been installed at IIT-Kharagpur.
• The third system, Param Brahma, has been installed at IISER-Pune, which has a capacity of 797 TeraFlop.+944 -
Question 9 of 20
9. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following is/are objectives of Nano Mission?
1. Basic research promotion
2. Infrastructure development
3. Human Resource development
4. International collaborationsCorrect
Why in news?
The International Conference on Nano Science and
Nano Technology (ICONSAT) 2020 was organized in March
2020 at Kolkata (West Bengal).
• ICONSAT is the series of biennial international
conferences held in India under the aegis of Nano
Mission, Department of Science and Technology (DST).Nano Mission
• The Government of India launched the Nano
Mission in 2007 as an “umbrella capacity-building
programme”.
• It is being implemented by the Department of
Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry
of Science and Technology.
• The objectives of the mission are:
– Basic research promotion.
– Infrastructure development.
– Nano applications and technology development.
– Human Resource development.
– International collaborations
• As a result of the efforts led by the Nano Mission,
today, India is amongst the top five nations in
the world in terms of scientific publications in
nanoscience and technology (moving from 4th to
the 3rd position).
• The Nano Mission has established national
dialogues to promote R&D in the development of
standards for nanotechnology and for laying down
a National Regulatory Framework Road-Map for
Nanotechnology (NRFR-Nanotech).Incorrect
Why in news?
The International Conference on Nano Science and
Nano Technology (ICONSAT) 2020 was organized in March
2020 at Kolkata (West Bengal).
• ICONSAT is the series of biennial international
conferences held in India under the aegis of Nano
Mission, Department of Science and Technology (DST).Nano Mission
• The Government of India launched the Nano
Mission in 2007 as an “umbrella capacity-building
programme”.
• It is being implemented by the Department of
Science and Technology (DST) under the Ministry
of Science and Technology.
• The objectives of the mission are:
– Basic research promotion.
– Infrastructure development.
– Nano applications and technology development.
– Human Resource development.
– International collaborations
• As a result of the efforts led by the Nano Mission,
today, India is amongst the top five nations in
the world in terms of scientific publications in
nanoscience and technology (moving from 4th to
the 3rd position).
• The Nano Mission has established national
dialogues to promote R&D in the development of
standards for nanotechnology and for laying down
a National Regulatory Framework Road-Map for
Nanotechnology (NRFR-Nanotech). -
Question 10 of 20
10. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following diseases are covered under Universal Immunization Programme (UIP)?
1. Tuberculosis
2. Diphtheria
3. Pertussis
4. Hepatitis
5. PneumoniaCorrect
Why in News
The Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN)
is being used by the State/UT governments in India to
monitor the supply chain of Covid response material.Universal Immunization Programme
• It was launched by the government in 1985, to
prevent mortality and morbidity in children and
pregnant women against 12 vaccine-preventable
diseases.
• Under UIP free of cost vaccination is provided against
twelve vaccine-preventable diseases i.e. Tuberculosis,
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Hepatitis
B, Pneumonia , Meningitis due to Haemophilus
Influenzae type b (Hib), Measles, Rubella, Japanese
Encephalitis (JE) and Rotavirus diarrhoea.
• The programme is one of the largest health
programmes in the world. Despite being operational
for many years, UIP has been able to fully immunize
only 65% of children under 1 year of age.Incorrect
Why in News
The Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network (eVIN)
is being used by the State/UT governments in India to
monitor the supply chain of Covid response material.Universal Immunization Programme
• It was launched by the government in 1985, to
prevent mortality and morbidity in children and
pregnant women against 12 vaccine-preventable
diseases.
• Under UIP free of cost vaccination is provided against
twelve vaccine-preventable diseases i.e. Tuberculosis,
Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Hepatitis
B, Pneumonia , Meningitis due to Haemophilus
Influenzae type b (Hib), Measles, Rubella, Japanese
Encephalitis (JE) and Rotavirus diarrhoea.
• The programme is one of the largest health
programmes in the world. Despite being operational
for many years, UIP has been able to fully immunize
only 65% of children under 1 year of age. -
Question 11 of 20
11. Question
1 pointsBharat Air Fibre Services recently seen in news provides:
Correct
Why in News
Recently, Bharat Air Fibre Services have been
inaugurated at Akola in Maharashtra providing the
residents wireless internet connections on demand.Key Points
• The Bharat Air Fibre services are being introduced
by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) as a part
of the Digital India initiative by the Government of
India. It is being scaled pan-India.
• Aim: To provide BSNL fibre-to-the-home (FTTH)
wireless connectivity up to a range of 20 km from
the BSNL points of presence.
• The connectivity speed is 100 Mbps and BSNL is
offering various broadband plans in wireline and
wireless segments.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, Bharat Air Fibre Services have been
inaugurated at Akola in Maharashtra providing the
residents wireless internet connections on demand.Key Points
• The Bharat Air Fibre services are being introduced
by Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) as a part
of the Digital India initiative by the Government of
India. It is being scaled pan-India.
• Aim: To provide BSNL fibre-to-the-home (FTTH)
wireless connectivity up to a range of 20 km from
the BSNL points of presence.
• The connectivity speed is 100 Mbps and BSNL is
offering various broadband plans in wireline and
wireless segments. -
Question 12 of 20
12. Question
1 pointsSelect the correct statement/s in reference to Near-Earth Objects (NEOs).
1. These objects are composed mostly of water ice with embedded dust particles.
2. NEOs do not orbit the Sun and do not have a fixed trajectory path.Correct
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has announced that a giant
asteroid called 163348 (2002 NN4), passed near Earth
on 6th June 2020.
• The asteroid is a Near-Earth Object and classified
as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA).
• However, it approached the Earth within the safe
limit of distance.Near-Earth Objects (NEOs):
• NEOs are comets and asteroids pushed by the
gravitational attraction of nearby planets into
orbits which allow them to enter the Earth’s
neighbourhood.
• These objects are composed mostly of water ice
with embedded dust particles.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• NEOs occasionally approach close to the Earth as
they orbit the Sun and have a fixed path trajectory.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Study
(CNEOS) determines the times and distances of
these objects, when their approach to the Earth is
close, through the Asteroid Watch Widget.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has announced that a giant
asteroid called 163348 (2002 NN4), passed near Earth
on 6th June 2020.
• The asteroid is a Near-Earth Object and classified
as a Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA).
• However, it approached the Earth within the safe
limit of distance.Near-Earth Objects (NEOs):
• NEOs are comets and asteroids pushed by the
gravitational attraction of nearby planets into
orbits which allow them to enter the Earth’s
neighbourhood.
• These objects are composed mostly of water ice
with embedded dust particles.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• NEOs occasionally approach close to the Earth as
they orbit the Sun and have a fixed path trajectory.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• NASA’s Center for Near-Earth Object Study
(CNEOS) determines the times and distances of
these objects, when their approach to the Earth is
close, through the Asteroid Watch Widget. -
Question 13 of 20
13. Question
1 pointsIn which of the following areas can LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) be used?
1. Agriculture
2. Water management systems
3. Geology
4. ArchaeologyCorrect
Why in News
A UK-based team of archaeologists has continued its
research over the Tamar Valley through LiDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) despite lockdown due to Covid-19
in the country.
• LiDAR is commonly used by geologists and surveyors
to make high-resolution maps.LiDAR
• Description:
– LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote
sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed
laser to measure ranges and variable distances.
– These light pulses, combined with other data
recorded by the airborne system, generate precise,
three-dimensional information about the shape of
the Earth and its surface characteristics.
– A LiDAR instrument principally consists of a laser,
a scanner and a specialized GPS receiver.
– Airplanes and helicopters are the most commonly
used platforms for acquiring LiDAR data over
broad areas.
• Applications:
– LiDAR is used for agriculture, hydrology and water
management systems.
– Geology-related applications.
– It is also used in archaeology.Incorrect
Why in News
A UK-based team of archaeologists has continued its
research over the Tamar Valley through LiDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) despite lockdown due to Covid-19
in the country.
• LiDAR is commonly used by geologists and surveyors
to make high-resolution maps.LiDAR
• Description:
– LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is a remote
sensing method that uses light in the form of a pulsed
laser to measure ranges and variable distances.
– These light pulses, combined with other data
recorded by the airborne system, generate precise,
three-dimensional information about the shape of
the Earth and its surface characteristics.
– A LiDAR instrument principally consists of a laser,
a scanner and a specialized GPS receiver.
– Airplanes and helicopters are the most commonly
used platforms for acquiring LiDAR data over
broad areas.
• Applications:
– LiDAR is used for agriculture, hydrology and water
management systems.
– Geology-related applications.
– It is also used in archaeology. -
Question 14 of 20
14. Question
1 pointsIdentify the correct statement/s with respect to Compulsory Licensing regime:
1. It allows governments to license third parties to produce and market a patented product or process without
the consent of patent owners.
2. It is regulated under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.
3. The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement specifically lists
the reasons that might be used to justify compulsory licensing.Correct
Why in News
Recently, the CPI (Marxist) party has suggested that
the government shall issue compulsory licences(CL) for
the manufacturing of a generic version of Remdesivir
which is being used to treat Covid-19 patients.
• Generic medicines and vaccinations are copies
of originally researched drugs, but at much lower
prices.Compulsory Licensing
• It allows governments to license third parties (that
is, parties other than the patent holders) to produce
and market a patented product or process without
the consent of patent owners.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Any time after three years from date of sealing of
a patent, application for compulsory license can
be made, provided:
– Reasonable requirements of the public have not
been satisfied.
– Patented inventions are not available to the
public at a reasonably affordable price.
– Patented inventions are not carried out in India.
• It is regulated under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) Agreement does not specifically list
the reasons that might be used to justify compulsory
licensing.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• However, the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public
Health confirms that countries are free to determine
the grounds for granting compulsory licences, and to
determine what constitutes a national emergency.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, the CPI (Marxist) party has suggested that
the government shall issue compulsory licences(CL) for
the manufacturing of a generic version of Remdesivir
which is being used to treat Covid-19 patients.
• Generic medicines and vaccinations are copies
of originally researched drugs, but at much lower
prices.Compulsory Licensing
• It allows governments to license third parties (that
is, parties other than the patent holders) to produce
and market a patented product or process without
the consent of patent owners.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Any time after three years from date of sealing of
a patent, application for compulsory license can
be made, provided:
– Reasonable requirements of the public have not
been satisfied.
– Patented inventions are not available to the
public at a reasonably affordable price.
– Patented inventions are not carried out in India.
• It is regulated under the Indian Patent Act, 1970.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property
Rights (TRIPS) Agreement does not specifically list
the reasons that might be used to justify compulsory
licensing.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• However, the Doha Declaration on TRIPS and Public
Health confirms that countries are free to determine
the grounds for granting compulsory licences, and to
determine what constitutes a national emergency. -
Question 15 of 20
15. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements.
1. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a NASA moon mission.
2. The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s poles to search for helium gas.
Select the correct code from those given below.Correct
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has found evidence of greater
quantities of metals such as iron and titanium on the
Moon’s subsurface.
• The metallic distribution was observed by the Miniature
Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument aboard the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft.Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• It is a NASA moon mission that has been in operation
since 2009.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s
poles to search for water or ice that could exist in
permanently shadowed craters.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.Miniature Radio Frequency Instrument
• It is one of the two radar instruments launched to the
moon to map the lunar poles, search for water and
ice and to demonstrate future NASA communication
technologies, under the Mini-RF project.
– The first instrument, launched on the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1
spacecraft, mapped both polar regions of the
Moon.
– The second instrument, currently flying on NASA’s
LRO, has been mapping the different geologic
units of the lunar surface.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has found evidence of greater
quantities of metals such as iron and titanium on the
Moon’s subsurface.
• The metallic distribution was observed by the Miniature
Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument aboard the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft.Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• It is a NASA moon mission that has been in operation
since 2009.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s
poles to search for water or ice that could exist in
permanently shadowed craters.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.Miniature Radio Frequency Instrument
• It is one of the two radar instruments launched to the
moon to map the lunar poles, search for water and
ice and to demonstrate future NASA communication
technologies, under the Mini-RF project.
– The first instrument, launched on the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1
spacecraft, mapped both polar regions of the
Moon.
– The second instrument, currently flying on NASA’s
LRO, has been mapping the different geologic
units of the lunar surface. -
Question 16 of 20
16. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements.
1. Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) is a NASA moon mission.
2. The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s poles to search for helium gas.
Select the correct code from those given below.Correct
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has found evidence of greater
quantities of metals such as iron and titanium on the
Moon’s subsurface.
• The metallic distribution was observed by the Miniature
Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument aboard the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft.Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• It is a NASA moon mission that has been in operation
since 2009.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s
poles to search for water or ice that could exist in
permanently shadowed craters.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.Miniature Radio Frequency Instrument
• It is one of the two radar instruments launched to the
moon to map the lunar poles, search for water and
ice and to demonstrate future NASA communication
technologies, under the Mini-RF project.
– The first instrument, launched on the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1
spacecraft, mapped both polar regions of the
Moon.
– The second instrument, currently flying on NASA’s
LRO, has been mapping the different geologic
units of the lunar surface.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, the National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA) has found evidence of greater
quantities of metals such as iron and titanium on the
Moon’s subsurface.
• The metallic distribution was observed by the Miniature
Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument aboard the
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft.Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
• It is a NASA moon mission that has been in operation
since 2009.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• The mission particularly focuses on the moon’s
poles to search for water or ice that could exist in
permanently shadowed craters.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.Miniature Radio Frequency Instrument
• It is one of the two radar instruments launched to the
moon to map the lunar poles, search for water and
ice and to demonstrate future NASA communication
technologies, under the Mini-RF project.
– The first instrument, launched on the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO) Chandrayaan-1
spacecraft, mapped both polar regions of the
Moon.
– The second instrument, currently flying on NASA’s
LRO, has been mapping the different geologic
units of the lunar surface. -
Question 17 of 20
17. Question
1 pointsRanjit Sub1, Swarna Sub1 and Bahadur Sub1 are varieties of:
Correct
Why in News
Recently, farmers from Golaghat district in Assam
have cultivated new flood resistant paddy varieties to
shift from the traditional ones.
• The varieties called Ranjit Sub1, Swarna Sub1 and
Bahadur Sub1 have been used by about 60% farmers
of the West Brahmaputra area.Rice
• It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature,
(above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall
above 100 cm.
• About one-fourth of the total cropped area in India
is under rice cultivation.
• Leading Producer States: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh
and Punjab.
• High Yielding States: Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal and Kerala.
• In West Bengal, farmers grow three crops of rice
called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.
• India contributes 21.6% of rice production in the
world and ranks second after China.Incorrect
Why in News
Recently, farmers from Golaghat district in Assam
have cultivated new flood resistant paddy varieties to
shift from the traditional ones.
• The varieties called Ranjit Sub1, Swarna Sub1 and
Bahadur Sub1 have been used by about 60% farmers
of the West Brahmaputra area.Rice
• It is a kharif crop which requires high temperature,
(above 25°C) and high humidity with annual rainfall
above 100 cm.
• About one-fourth of the total cropped area in India
is under rice cultivation.
• Leading Producer States: West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh
and Punjab.
• High Yielding States: Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Haryana,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, West Bengal and Kerala.
• In West Bengal, farmers grow three crops of rice
called ‘aus’, ‘aman’ and ‘boro’.
• India contributes 21.6% of rice production in the
world and ranks second after China. -
Question 18 of 20
18. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements.
1. Lagrange Point 1 is one of 10 points in the orbital plane of the Earth-Sun system.
2. A satellite placed in the halo orbit around the Lagrangian point 1 (L1) can continuously view the Sun without any eclipses.
3. The Lagrange Point 1 (L1) is home to the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Satellite (SOHO).
Select the correct code from those given below.Correct
Why in News
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is
preparing for its first scientific expedition to study the
Sun, Aditya-L1.Lagrange Point 1
• Lagrange Points, named after Italian-French
mathematician Josephy-Louis Lagrange, are positions
in space where the gravitational forces of a two body system
(like the Sun and the Earth) produce enhanced regions
of attraction and repulsion.
• The L1 point is about 1.5 million km from Earth, or
about 1/100th of the way to the Sun.
• L1 refers to Lagrangian/Lagrange Point 1, one of 5
points in the orbital plane of the Earth-Sun system.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• These can be used by spacecraft to reduce fuel
consumption needed to remain in position.
• A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the
Lagrangian point 1 (L1) has the major advantage
of continuously viewing the Sun without any
occultation/ eclipses.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The L1 point is home to the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory Satellite (SOHO), an international
collaboration project of National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) and the European
Space Agency (ESA).
Hence, statement 3 is correct.Incorrect
Why in News
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is
preparing for its first scientific expedition to study the
Sun, Aditya-L1.Lagrange Point 1
• Lagrange Points, named after Italian-French
mathematician Josephy-Louis Lagrange, are positions
in space where the gravitational forces of a two body system
(like the Sun and the Earth) produce enhanced regions
of attraction and repulsion.
• The L1 point is about 1.5 million km from Earth, or
about 1/100th of the way to the Sun.
• L1 refers to Lagrangian/Lagrange Point 1, one of 5
points in the orbital plane of the Earth-Sun system.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• These can be used by spacecraft to reduce fuel
consumption needed to remain in position.
• A Satellite placed in the halo orbit around the
Lagrangian point 1 (L1) has the major advantage
of continuously viewing the Sun without any
occultation/ eclipses.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The L1 point is home to the Solar and Heliospheric
Observatory Satellite (SOHO), an international
collaboration project of National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA) and the European
Space Agency (ESA).
Hence, statement 3 is correct. -
Question 19 of 20
19. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statement/s is/are correct with respect to Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM)?
1. It is an American beyond-visual-range missile.
2. It is capable of all-weather day and night operations.
3. Currently only 5 countries are using the AMRAAM.Correct
Why in News
The US has approved the sale of an Integrated Air
Defence Weapon System (IADWS) to India at an estimated
cost of $1.9 billion.Integrated Air Defence Weapon System
• The Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS)
is called the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile
System (NASAMS-II).
• It is an upgraded version of the NASAMS developed by
the US firm Raytheon in partnership with Kongsberg
Defence & Aerospace of Norway.
• The IADWS system provides integrated air missile defence
and is currently deployed around Washington, DC.
• It includes launchers, targeting and guidance systems,
advanced medium-range air-to-air missile (AMRAAM)
and Stinger missiles, 3D Sentinel radars, fire-distribution
centres and command-and-control units.Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile
• Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile
(AMRAAM) is an American beyond-visual-range
air-to-air missile capable of all-weather day and night operations.
Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• Manufactured by Raytheon, more than 30 countries
are using the AMRAAM.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.Incorrect
Why in News
The US has approved the sale of an Integrated Air
Defence Weapon System (IADWS) to India at an estimated
cost of $1.9 billion.Integrated Air Defence Weapon System
• The Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS)
is called the National Advanced Surface to Air Missile
System (NASAMS-II).
• It is an upgraded version of the NASAMS developed by
the US firm Raytheon in partnership with Kongsberg
Defence & Aerospace of Norway.
• The IADWS system provides integrated air missile defence
and is currently deployed around Washington, DC.
• It includes launchers, targeting and guidance systems,
advanced medium-range air-to-air missile (AMRAAM)
and Stinger missiles, 3D Sentinel radars, fire-distribution
centres and command-and-control units.Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile
• Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile
(AMRAAM) is an American beyond-visual-range
air-to-air missile capable of all-weather day and night operations.
Hence, statements 1 and 2 are correct.
• Manufactured by Raytheon, more than 30 countries
are using the AMRAAM.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. -
Question 20 of 20
20. Question
1 pointsIn which of the following projects is India a participant?
1. Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
2. Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT)
3. Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO)
4. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)Correct
Why in News
India’s first-ever global mega-science exhibition
‘Vigyan Samagam’ was inaugurated at the Science City
of Kolkata.• The exhibition showcases India’s participation in the
world’s major Mega Science projects, where several
developed countries are participating collectively.
• The Mega Science Projects in which India is
participating are:
– Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),
– Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR),
– India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO),
– International Thermonuclear Experimental
Reactor (ITER),
– Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory (LIGO),
– Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), and
– Square Kilometre Array (SKA).Incorrect
Why in News
India’s first-ever global mega-science exhibition
‘Vigyan Samagam’ was inaugurated at the Science City
of Kolkata.• The exhibition showcases India’s participation in the
world’s major Mega Science projects, where several
developed countries are participating collectively.
• The Mega Science Projects in which India is
participating are:
– Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),
– Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR),
– India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO),
– International Thermonuclear Experimental
Reactor (ITER),
– Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
Observatory (LIGO),
– Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), and
– Square Kilometre Array (SKA).
