Inspired by: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-where-are-the-worlds-stateless-people-5800506/

Answer: (a)

#IBelong Campaign

• The #IBelong Campaign was launched in November 2014 by UNHCR with the goal of ending statelessness within 10 years.
• Together with States, civil society and other UN Agencies, the #IBelong Campaign seeks to end statelessness by 2024 by resolving existing statelessness situations, preventing new cases from emerging and by better identifying and protecting stateless populations around the world.

Inspired by: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-where-are-the-worlds-stateless-people-5800506/

Answer: (d)

Problem of statelessness

An estimated 10 to 15 million people are not recognised as nationals by any country, often depriving them of basic rights most of the world takes for granted such as education, healthcare, housing and jobs.

Few of these communities are:

Kuwait: Many people among the nomadic Bedouin tribes failed to acquire citizenship at independence in 1961. Their descendants are known as Bidoon, which means “without” nationality in Arabic.

Syria: In 1962, many Kurds in the northeast were stripped of citizenship, a move that Human Rights Watch described as part of a plan to “Arabise” the resource-rich region. Before the civil war, there were an estimated 300,000 stateless Kurds in Syria, many of whom were promised nationality by President Bashar al-Assad in reaction to the 2011 uprising.

Thailand: Nearly 479,000 people are stateless, including members of ethnic hill tribes such as the Yao, Hmong and Karen who live in the mountainous border with Myanmar and Laos and the semi-nomadic ‘Sea Gypsies’ along the Andaman coast.

Myanmar/Bangladesh: In 1982, Buddhist-majority Myanmar passed a citizenship law that effectively rendered stateless most Rohingya, who are Muslim and of South Asian descent. Ethnic violence has driven many to leave, but hundreds of thousands remain in Myanmar. There are about 900,000 Rohingya in neighbouring Bangladesh and smaller populations across Asia. Some are sold into slavery on fishing boats and plantations.

Inspired by: ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ Scheme

https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/one-nation-one-ration-card-scheme/

Answer: (d)

One Nation One Ration Card” scheme

• The union govt. is working on a plan to launch a “One Nation One Ration Card” scheme for beneficiaries to access to any PDS shop across the country.
• The scheme is aimed at providing freedom to beneficiaries, as they will not be tied to one PDS shop.
• It aims to reduce their dependence on shop owners and curtail corruption.
• The biggest beneficiaries will be migrant workers who move to other states to seek better job opportunities.

Implementation

• The Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution will implement the scheme.
• It will be subsumed under the Integrated Management of PDS (IMPDS), under which beneficiaries can avail their share of food grain from any district.

Inspired by: National Defence Fund (Repeated from 5^th June PD)

https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/national-defence-fund/

Answer: (a)

National Defence Fund

• NDF is an Indian Government Institution, set up in the year 1962 to receive voluntary donations for the promotion and welfare of the members of the Indian Armed Forces (including paramilitary forces) and their dependents.
• The NDF is administered by an executive committee that has the Prime Minister as the chairperson and the Defence, Finance and Home Ministers as members.
• Donations to the National Defence Fund are 100% tax exempt.
• Under the scheme, new scholarships are given to 5,500 wards of armed forces personnel, 2,000 wards of paramilitary forces personnel and 150 wards of forces under the Railways Ministry every year.

Inspired by: CSP 2018

Answer: (b)

For statement 1

• The National Green Tribunal has been established on 18.10.2010 under the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), statutory organisation, was constituted in September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

For statement 2

• NGT’s dedicated jurisdiction in environmental matters shall provide speedy environmental justice and help reduce the burden of litigation in the higher courts.
• Functions of the CPCB, as spelt out in the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, (i) to promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution, and (ii) to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.