Answer: (b)
Statement 2 is not correct.
H5N1 is a type of influenza virus that causes a highly infectious, severe respiratory disease in birds called avian influenza (or “bird flu”).
Human cases of H5N1 avian influenza occur occasionally, but it is difficult to transmit the infection from person to person. When people do become infected, the mortality rate is about 60%.
The virus has affected birds in over 80 countries, resulting in mass culling of poultry and wild birds. Furthermore, it has now begun infecting mammals, including seals, sea lions, and marine mammals.

Answer: (a)
Statement 2 is not correct.
Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA)
• The FCRA regulates foreign donations and ensures that such contributions do not adversely affect internal security.
• First enacted in 1976, it was amended in 2010 when a slew of new measures was adopted to regulate foreign donations.
• The FCRA is applicable to all associations, groups and NGOs which intend to receive foreign donations.
• Foreign Contribution’ means the donation, delivery or transfer made by any foreign source of any:
1. Article (whose market value is not more than one lakh rupees);
2. Currency (whether Indian or foreign);
3. Securities
• Foreign donations may be those from Governments, international agencies, foreign companies, trusts, corporations, foreign citizens etc.
• However some agencies like UN, World Bank, IMF etc. are EXEMPTED from the definition of foreign donors.
According to the FCRA, foreign donations cannot be accepted by:
1. Election candidates
2. Editors and publishers of newspapers
3. Judges and government employees.
4. Political parties and members of legislature etc.
September 2020 amendment made it legal for political parties to accept foreign aid through Indian subsidiaries.

Answer: (c)
Both statements are correct.
Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), 2002
• The PMLA was enacted in 2002 with the aim of preventing money laundering and providing for confiscation of property derived from money laundering.
• It applies to all financial institutions, banks (including the RBI), mutual funds, insurance companies, and their financial intermediaries.
• The Act empowers government authorities to confiscate property and/or assets earned from illegal sources and through money laundering.
• It has been amended three times, in 2005, 2009, and 2012.
• Under the PMLA, the burden of proof lies with the accused, who must demonstrate that the suspect property/assets have not been obtained through proceeds of crime.
Authorities for investigation under PMLA:
1. Enforcement Directorate (ED): It is responsible for investigating offenses under the PMLA.
2. Financial Intelligence Unit – India (FIU-IND): It is the national agency tasked with receiving, processing, analyzing, and disseminating information related to suspect financial transactions.

Answer: (c)
SEAMA Ecoregion
• The SEAMA is a recently recognized ecoregion located in Southern Africa.
• It spans across northern Mozambique and incorporating Mount Mulanje in Malawi.
• SEAMA is distinguished by its mountainous terrain, encompassing diverse habitats such as montane forests, grasslands, and rock faces.
• Despite its relatively recent recognition, SEAMA has been identified as a hub of biodiversity, hosting numerous species of plants, vertebrates, and invertebrates.

Answer: (c)
The Food Waste Index Report tracks global and national generation of food waste at retail and consumer levels, including households and food service sectors. It was first launched in 2011 and serves as a tool to monitor progress towards international targets, such as those outlined in SDG 12.3, which calls for halving food waste by 2030. Therefore, option C is the correct choice as it accurately describes the purpose of the Food Waste Index Report.