Explanation:

What is the Cat Que Virus?
For CQV, domestic pigs are considered to be the primary mammalian hosts.
Antibodies against the virus indicate that the virus has formed a “natural cycle” in the local area and has the ability to spread in pigs and other animal populations through mosquitoes.
CQV belongs to the Simbu serogroup and infects both humans and economically important livestock species.
It was first isolated in 2004 from mosquitoes during the surveillance of arbovirus activity in northern Vietnam.
In this study, researchers reported a CQV strain (SC0806), which was isolated from mosquito samples collected in China in 2006 and 2008.

Explanation:

Federalism, like constitutionalism and separation of powers, is not mentioned in the Constitution. But it is the very essence of our constitutional scheme.
In the State of West Bengal v Union of India (1962), the Supreme Court held that the Indian Constitution is not federal.
But in SR Bommai v Union of India (1994), a nine-judge Bench held federalism as part of the basic structure of the Constitution.

Explanation:

What is the Doctrine of Colorable Legislation?
This doctrine refers to the question of competency of the legislature while enacting a provision of law.
If a legislature is prohibited from doing something, it may not be permitted to do this under the guise or pretence of doing something while acting within its lawful jurisdiction and this prohibition is an implied result of the maxim “what cannot be done directly, cannot be done indirectly”
This doctrine is a tool used to determine the legislative competence of laws enacted by various legislatures.
Therefore, it is a means to implement the separation of powers and impose judicial accountability.

Explanation:

What is Cess?
The Union government is empowered to raise revenue through a gamut of levies, including taxes (both direct and indirect), surcharges, fees and cess.
While direct taxes, including income tax, and indirect taxes such as GST are taxes where the revenue received can be spent by the government for any public purpose in any manner it deems appropriate for the nation’s good, a cess is an earmarked tax that is collected for a specific purpose and ought to be spent only for that.
Every cess is collected after Parliament has authorised its creation through enabling legislation that specifies the purpose for which the funds are being raised.
Article 270 of the Constitution allows cess to be excluded from the purview of the divisible pool of taxes that the Union government must share with the States.
How many cesses does government levy?
A report submitted to the Fifteenth Finance Commission listed 42 cesses that have been levied at various points in time since 1944.
The very first cess was levied on matches, according to this report.
Post Independence, the cess taxes were linked initially to the development of a particular industry, including a salt cess and a tea cess in 1953.
Subsequently, the introduction of cess was motivated by the aim of ensuring labour welfare.
Some cesses that exemplified this thrust were the iron ore mines labour welfare cess in 1961, the limestone and dolomite mines labour welfare cess of 1972 and the cine workers welfare cess introduced in 1981.
Cesses after GST
The introduction of the GST in 2017 led to most cesses being done away with and as of August 2018, there were only seven cesses that continued to be levied.
These were Cess on Exports, Cess on Crude Oil, Health and Education Cess, Road and Infrastructure Cess, Building and Other Construction Workers Welfare Cess, National Calamity Contingent Duty on Tobacco and Tobacco Products and the GST Compensation Cess.
And in February, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman introduced a new cess — a Health Cess of 5% on imported medical devices — in the Finance Bill for 2020-2021.

Explanation: This Act defines benami transactions, prohibits them and also provides that violation of the Act is punishable with imprisonment and fine. This Act was recently amended.