Option B is correct answer.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Near Field communication technology is a short range communication tehnology with physical contact or within few centimetre for data transfer
• Statement 2 is correct. It works on Radio frequency Identification.

Option A is correct answer.
•Statement 1 is correct. Coverage area of a satellite based system is greater than that of a terrestrial based wireless communication system. A GEO satellite with one single antenna can cover about 1/4th of the earth
•Statement 2 is correct and statement 3 is incorrect. In a satellite link delay from earth to satellite to earth is about 240ms while in terrestrial link it will be far less. But transmission cost in a satellite system is independent of the distance within the area of coverage of the satellite antenna, while in terrestrial system it varies based on the distance.

Option B is correct answer.
• Statement 1 is correct. Optical Fibre is hair-thin material made of glass. Generally, optical fiber has a diameter of 125 micrometers (μm), which is actually the diameter of the cladding, or outer reflecting layer. The core, or inner transmitting cylinder, may have a much smaller diameter (sometimes 10 μm).
• Statement 2 is correct. Service providers require a fiber-ready router (often called a “residential gateway” by an internet provider) in order to accommodate fiber-optic speeds.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Silica is used for OFC fabrication because silica has a wide wavelength range with good optical transparency
• Statement 4 is correct. Fiber optic has a much higher bandwidth than optical fiber cable.

Option D is correct answer.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. In cloud computing Location coverage is global because data centres are located around the world while in Edge computing the computation is brought closer to the network edge where the data is gathered at source
• Statement 2 is incorrect. In Edge computing the average response time is in milliseconds while in cloud computing the average response time is in minutes or day
• Statement 3 is correct. cloud require huge amount of bandwidth while in edge computing thee bandwidth is significantly reduced

Option- A is correct answer.
• Statement 1 is correct. While geosynchronous satellites can have any inclination, the key difference from geostationary orbit is the fact that they lie on the same plane as the equator
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Weather monitoring satellites like GOES are in geostationary orbits because they have a constant view of the same area.

Option A is correct Answer.
Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Digital signature and electronic signature are two different concepts.
Digital signature can be understood as a computerised fingerprint that is unique to the person on whose name it is issued. It is made by a mathematical algorithm and is used to validate the originality of a message or document.
An electronic signature can be understood as simply the substitute of the handwritten signature in electronic form. It is not encrypted and is used simply to show approval in a contract/ document rather than prove identity.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
Digital signature is created using cryptographic algorithms while electronic signature is not.

• Option B is correct.
• AVGAS 100 LL is an indigenous aviation fuel developed by the Indian Oil Corporation for the piston engine aircrafts and unmanned aerial vehicles.
• It is used to power aircraft having spark-ignition piston engines, in which combustion process of the air-fuel mixture is ignited by a spark from a spark plug. This indigenously developed fuel is a blue aviation gasoline with a high octane number, which measures the fuel’s ability to resist compression without bursting.

Option- A is correct Answer.
• Statements 1 is correct. Statement 2 and 3 are incorrect.
• Statement 1 is correct. Hydrogen is an energy carrier, not an energy source and can deliver or store a tremendous amount of energy. It can be used in fuel cells to generate electricity, or power and heat.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Green hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using renewable energy (like Solar, Wind) and has a lower carbon footprint, but not zero carbon footprint.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Brown hydrogen is produced using coal where the emissions are released to the air. Grey hydrogen is produced from natural gas where the associated emissions are released to the air.

Option- C is correct Answer.
• Both the statements are correct.
• Statement 1 is correct. Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a technique for desalination. It works on the notion that; water evaporates at lower temperatures, at low pressures. It utilizes vacuum pumps for creating a low pressure and low-temperature environment, resulting into evaporation of water at a temperature gradient of 8 °C. Cooling water is supplied from deep sea depths, which is pumped up to condense evaporated water vapor. We get purified water from the resulting condensate.
• Statement 2 is correct. The LTTD technology does not require any chemical pre and post-treatment of seawater and thus the pollution problems are minimal and suitable for island territories. Since no effluent treatment is required, it gives less operational maintenance problems compared to other desalination processes.

Option- B is correct Answer.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Statement 2 is correct.
• Statement 1 is incorrect. Open-RAN is not a technology, but rather an ongoing shift in mobile network architecture that allows networks to be built using subcomponents from a variety of vendors. O-RAN has an open, multi-vendor architecture for deploying mobile networks, as opposed to the single-vendor proprietary architecture. O-RAN uses software to make hardware manufactured by different companies work together.
• Statement 2 is correct. In a traditional RAN system, the radio, hardware and software are proprietary. This means that nearly all of the equipment comes from one supplier and that operators are unable to, for example, deploy a network using radios from one vendor with hardware and software from another vendor.