• Statement 1 is correct. Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.
• Statement 1 is correct. In 1800, Richard Colley Wellesley (governor-general, 1798-1805) set up the Fort William College for the training of new recruits. In 1806 Wellesley’s college was disapproved by the Court of Directors and instead the East India College was set up at Haileybury in England to impart two years’ training to the recruits.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. Richard Colley Wellesley formulated the Subsidiary Alliance. Wellesley thoroughly convinced that only a strong British power in India could reduce and control the existing tyranny and corruption in Indian states. Therefore, he reversed the nonintervention policy of his predecessor and formulated his master plan namely the ‘Subsidiary Alliance’.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. Anglo-Nepal War (1814-16) and the Treaty of Sagauli, 1816 took place under the tenure of Hastings (1813-1823).

• All the options are correct.
• Lord Canning (1856-1857 and 1858-1862) was Last Governor of East India Company and first Viceroy and Governor General of India. He took great efforts in establishing the three universities at Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay in 1857.
• On August 2, 1858, passed an Act for the Better Government of India. The Act declared Queen Victoria as the sovereign of British India and provided for the appointment of a Secretary of State for India (a member of the British cabinet). The direct responsibility for the administration of the country was assumed by the British Crown and Company rule was abolished.

• Pairs 1 and 3 are correctly matched. Pairs 2 and 4 are incorrectly matched.
1. Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856) – Wood’s Despatch. Pair 1 is correctly matched.
2. Lord Lytton (1876-1880): – Vernacular Press Act. Pair 2 is incorrectly matched.
3. Lord Ripon (1880-1884) – Local self-Government. Pair 3 is correctly matched.
4. Lord Metcalfe (and Lord Macaulay) -Minute on Education. Pair 4 is incorrectly matched.

All the statements are correct.
• Rowlatt act was enacted during the regime of Lord Chelmsford. Partition of Bengal estranged nationalist and built tempo for Swadeshi Movement.
• Important events took place during the tenure of Lord Curzon 1899-1905 are:
1. Appointment of Police Commission (1902) under Sir Andrew Frazer to review police administration.
2. Appointment of Universities Commission (1902) and the passing of Indian Universities Act (1904)
3. Establishment of Department of Commerce and Industry
4. Calcutta Corporation Act (1899)
5. Ancient Monuments Preservation Act (1904)
6. Partition of Bengal (1905)
7. Curzon-Kitchener controversy
8. Younghusband Mission to Tibet (1904)
He appointed a Railway Commission under the chairmanship of Mr. Robertson in 1901. The Commission submitted its report after two years and the recommendations were accepted by Curzon.
The Railway lines were increased, the Railway department was abolished and the management of the Railways was taken away from the hands of the Public Works Department and handed over to a Railway Board consisting of three members.
The Department of Railway was organised on a commercial basis, profit being its primary motive.

• Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 and 4 are incorrect.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Sir Charles Metcalfe (1835-1836) removed Indian press of prohibitory restrictions and passed new press law.
Statement 4 is incorrect. Lord Warren Hastings (1773-1785) led First Anglo-Maratha War (1775-82) followed by Treaty of Salbai as Marathas were defeated.
• Lord William Bentinck was appointed the Governor of Madras in 1803. He supported Sir Thomas Munroe on revenue administration. The Vellore Mutiny of 1806 had resulted in Bentinck’s recall. However, his appointment again to the higher office as Governor-General shows his real greatness. As Governor-General, Bentinck had initiated an era of progress and reforms.
• He assumed the office of the Governor-General in 1828.
• He was undoubtedly the first Governor-General of British India who acted on the dictum that “the welfare of the subject peoples was a main, perhaps the primary, duty of the LORD WILLIAM BENTINCK British in India”.

Statements 1, 2 and 4 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect.
• No initiative was taken by Lord Dalhousie for the abolition of polygamy. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
Important events took place during the tenure of Lord Dalhousie (1848-1856):
1. Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-49) and annexation of Punjab (1849)
2. Annexation of Lower Burma or Pegu (1852)
3. Introduction of the Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of Satara (1848), Jaitpur and Sambalpur (1849)
4. Udaipur (1852), Jhansi (1853), Nagpur (1854) and Awadh (1856)
5. “Wood’s (Charles Wood, President of the Board of Control) Educational Despatch” of 1854 and opening of Anglo-vernacular schools and government colleges
6. Railway Minute of 1853; and laying down of the first railway line connecting Bombay and Thane in 1853. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
7. Telegraph (4000 miles of telegraph lines to connect Calcutta with Bombay, Madras and Peshawar) and postal (Post Office Act, 1854) reforms. Hence, statement 4 is correct.
8. Ganges Canal declared open (1854); establishment of separate public works department in every province. Hence, statement 1 is correct.
9. Widow Remarriage Act (1856)

Statements 1 is correct. Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect. The tenure of Lord William Bentinck (1828-1835) is known for the following events:
1. Abolition of sati and other cruel rites (1829).
2. Suppression of Thugi (1830).
3. Charter Act of 1833.
4. Resolution of 1835, and educational reforms and introduction of English as the official language.
5. Annexation of Mysore (1831), Coorg (1834) and Central Cachar (1834).
6. Treaty of ‘perpetual friendship’ with Ranjeet Singh.
7. Abolition of the provincial courts of appeal and circuit set up by Cornwallis, appointment of commissioners of revenue and circuit.
• Lord Cornwallis brought reforms in judiciary by incorporating several judicial reforms, and separation of revenue administration and civil jurisdiction. He proposed Cornwallis Code (1793) incorporating several judicial reforms. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. The establishment of Ryotwari System was took place during reign of Lord Hastings (1813-1823) in 1820.

Statements 1 and 4 are correct. Statements 2 and 3 are incorrect.
• Statement 1 is correct. The Regulating Act of 1773 made the governor of Bengal as the governor-general of Bengal and provided a council consisting of 4 members. Warren Hastings and four others were named in the Act, later ones were to be appointed by the Company.
• Statement 2 is incorrect. The Asiatic Society of Bengal was established by Sir William Jones. Jones discovered that his interests were shared by many British officials living in Calcutta at the time. Englishmen like Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed were also busy discovering the ancient Indian heritage, mastering Indian languages and translating Sanskrit and Persian works into English. Together with them, Jones set up the Asiatic Society of Bengal(On 15th January 1784), and started a journal called Asiatick Researches.
• The name of the Society underwent several changes during the last two centuries such as the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1832-1935), The Royal Asiatic Society of Bengal (1936-1951) and in July 1952 it came to be known as the Asiatic Society.
• Statement 3 is incorrect. The Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820. It was introduced in major areas of Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh provinces of British India.
• Statement 4 is correct. Warren Hastings introduced a uniform system of pre-paid postage system. He abolished the system of dastaks or free passes and regulated the internal trade. He reduced the number of custom houses and enforced a uniform tariff of 2.5 percent for Indian and non-Indian goods.

Options 1, 3 and 4 are correct. Option 2 is incorrect.
• Kuka Movement in Punjab took place during the tenure of Lord Northbrook (1872-1876).
• The tenure of Lord Mayo (1869-1872) is remarkable for the following:
1. Opening of the Rajkot College in Kathiawar and the Mayo College at Ajmer for political training of Indian princes
2. Establishment of Statistical Survey of India
3. Establishment of Department of Agriculture and Commerce
4. Introduction of state railways

All the statements are correct.
• Murshid Quli Khan and the succeeding Nawabs gave equal opportunities for employment to Hindus and Muslims. They filled the highest civil posts and many of the military posts with Bengalis, most of whom were Hindus.
• They recognised that expansion of trade benefited the people and the Government, and, therefore, gave encouragement to all merchants, Indian or foreign. They provided for the safety of roads and rivers from thieves and robbers by establishing regular thanas and chowkies.