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Question 1 of 20
1. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statement/s is/are correct in context to the Finance Commission?
1. The FC was established by the Parliament of India in 1951.
2. Article 280 defines the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission.Correct
Why in news?
Three years after it was constituted, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has finalised its report for fund devolution from the Centre to States for the five years from 2021-22 to 2025-26.What is the Finance Commission?
• The FC was established by the President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It was formed to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments.
• The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951 additionally defines the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• As per the Constitution, the FC is appointed every five years and consists of a chairman and four other members.
• Since the institution of the First FC, stark changes in the macroeconomic situation of the Indian economy have led to major changes in the FC’s recommendations over the years.Incorrect
Why in news?
Three years after it was constituted, the Fifteenth Finance Commission has finalised its report for fund devolution from the Centre to States for the five years from 2021-22 to 2025-26.What is the Finance Commission?
• The FC was established by the President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It was formed to define the financial relations between the central government of India and the individual state governments.
• The Finance Commission (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act, 1951 additionally defines the terms of qualification, appointment and disqualification, the term, eligibility and powers of the Finance Commission.
Hence, statement 2 is incorrect.
• As per the Constitution, the FC is appointed every five years and consists of a chairman and four other members.
• Since the institution of the First FC, stark changes in the macroeconomic situation of the Indian economy have led to major changes in the FC’s recommendations over the years. -
Question 2 of 20
2. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statement/s is/are correct with respect to the Commission for Air Quality Management.
1. The Commission will be a temporary body.
2. It will have the powers to issue directions to the states.
3. The Commission will not have any penal powers.
4. It will not be a pan India Commission.Correct
Why in news?
The President of India has signed the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2020.
Hence, statement 4 is correct.About the Commission
• The Commission, which will be a permanent body, will have over 20 members and will be chaired by a retired official of the level of Secretary to the GoI or Chief Secretary of a state.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It will include a representative of the Secretary of the MoEFCC, five Secretary level officers who will be ex officio members and two joint secretary-level officers who will be full-time members.
• The Commission will also have representation from the CPCB, ISRO, air pollution experts, and three representatives of non-government organisations (NGOs).
• As associate members, the Commission will have representatives from various other Ministries including the Ministries of Agriculture, Petroleum, Power, Transport, Housing etc.Power and functions
• In matters of air pollution and air quality management, the Commission will supersede all existing bodies.
• It will have the powers to issue directions to the states.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Commission will also coordinate efforts of state governments to curb air pollution, and will lay down the parameters of air quality for the region.
• It will have powers to restrict the setting up of industries in vulnerable areas and will be able to conduct site inspections of industrial units.Penal powers
• The Commission will have some penal powers.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• If its directions are contravened, through say, the setting up of an industrial unit in a restricted area, the Commission will have the power to impose a fine of up to Rs 1 crore and imprisonment of up to 5 years.Incorrect
Why in news?
The President of India has signed the Commission for Air Quality Management in National Capital Region and Adjoining Areas Ordinance, 2020.
Hence, statement 4 is correct.About the Commission
• The Commission, which will be a permanent body, will have over 20 members and will be chaired by a retired official of the level of Secretary to the GoI or Chief Secretary of a state.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It will include a representative of the Secretary of the MoEFCC, five Secretary level officers who will be ex officio members and two joint secretary-level officers who will be full-time members.
• The Commission will also have representation from the CPCB, ISRO, air pollution experts, and three representatives of non-government organisations (NGOs).
• As associate members, the Commission will have representatives from various other Ministries including the Ministries of Agriculture, Petroleum, Power, Transport, Housing etc.Power and functions
• In matters of air pollution and air quality management, the Commission will supersede all existing bodies.
• It will have the powers to issue directions to the states.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Commission will also coordinate efforts of state governments to curb air pollution, and will lay down the parameters of air quality for the region.
• It will have powers to restrict the setting up of industries in vulnerable areas and will be able to conduct site inspections of industrial units.Penal powers
• The Commission will have some penal powers.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• If its directions are contravened, through say, the setting up of an industrial unit in a restricted area, the Commission will have the power to impose a fine of up to Rs 1 crore and imprisonment of up to 5 years. -
Question 3 of 20
3. Question
1 pointsThe POWER initiative sometimes seen in news is related to:
Correct
Why in news?
The Union Minister for Science & Technology has launched a Scheme titled SERB-POWER (Promoting Opportunities for Women in Exploratory Research).POWER Initiative
• It is a scheme to mitigate gender disparity in science and engineering research funding in various S&T programs in Indian academic institutions and R&D laboratories.
• The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the DST has been contemplating to institute a scheme to mitigate gender disparity in science and engineering.
• SERB – POWER Scheme will have two components namely (i) SERB-POWER Fellowship (ii) SERB-
POWER Research Grants.Salient features of the SERB-POWER Fellowship
1. Target: Women researchers in 35-55 years of age. Up-to 25 Fellowships per year and not more than 75 at any point in time.
2. Components of support: Fellowship of Rs. 15,000/- per month in addition to regular income; Research grant of Rs. 10 lakh per annum; and Overhead of Rs. 90,000/- per annum.
3. Duration: Three years, without the possibility of extension. Once in a career.Salient features of the SERB – POWER Research Grants
• POWER Grants will empower women researchers by funding them under the following two categories:
1. Level I (Applicants from IITs, IISERs, IISc, NITs, Central Universities, and National Labs of Central Government Institutions): The scale of funding is up to 60 lakhs for three years.
2. Level II (Applicants from State Universities / Colleges and Private Academic Institutions): The scale of funding is up to 30 lakhs for three years.Incorrect
Why in news?
The Union Minister for Science & Technology has launched a Scheme titled SERB-POWER (Promoting Opportunities for Women in Exploratory Research).POWER Initiative
• It is a scheme to mitigate gender disparity in science and engineering research funding in various S&T programs in Indian academic institutions and R&D laboratories.
• The Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), a statutory body of the DST has been contemplating to institute a scheme to mitigate gender disparity in science and engineering.
• SERB – POWER Scheme will have two components namely (i) SERB-POWER Fellowship (ii) SERB-
POWER Research Grants.Salient features of the SERB-POWER Fellowship
1. Target: Women researchers in 35-55 years of age. Up-to 25 Fellowships per year and not more than 75 at any point in time.
2. Components of support: Fellowship of Rs. 15,000/- per month in addition to regular income; Research grant of Rs. 10 lakh per annum; and Overhead of Rs. 90,000/- per annum.
3. Duration: Three years, without the possibility of extension. Once in a career.Salient features of the SERB – POWER Research Grants
• POWER Grants will empower women researchers by funding them under the following two categories:
1. Level I (Applicants from IITs, IISERs, IISc, NITs, Central Universities, and National Labs of Central Government Institutions): The scale of funding is up to 60 lakhs for three years.
2. Level II (Applicants from State Universities / Colleges and Private Academic Institutions): The scale of funding is up to 30 lakhs for three years. -
Question 4 of 20
4. Question
1 points“Meri Saheli Initiative” recently seen in news is related to:
Correct
Why in news?
Indian Railways has launched “Meri Saheli” initiative for focused action on the security of women across all zones with an objective to provide safety and security to lady passengers.Meri Saheli Initiative
• The initiative was started as a pilot project in South Eastern Railway in September 2020 and after getting encouraging response from lady passengers.
• An initiative of RPF, the strategy entails interaction with lady passengers especially those travelling alone by a team of lady RPF personnel at the originating station.
• These lady passengers are briefed about all precautions to be taken during the journey and told to dial 182 in case they face or see any problem in the coach.
• The RPF team collects only the seat numbers of the ladies and conveys them to stoppages en-route.
• RPF/RPSF escort onboard also covers all the coaches/identified berths during its duty period.Incorrect
Why in news?
Indian Railways has launched “Meri Saheli” initiative for focused action on the security of women across all zones with an objective to provide safety and security to lady passengers.Meri Saheli Initiative
• The initiative was started as a pilot project in South Eastern Railway in September 2020 and after getting encouraging response from lady passengers.
• An initiative of RPF, the strategy entails interaction with lady passengers especially those travelling alone by a team of lady RPF personnel at the originating station.
• These lady passengers are briefed about all precautions to be taken during the journey and told to dial 182 in case they face or see any problem in the coach.
• The RPF team collects only the seat numbers of the ladies and conveys them to stoppages en-route.
• RPF/RPSF escort onboard also covers all the coaches/identified berths during its duty period. -
Question 5 of 20
5. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements in reference to National Productivity Council (NPC).
1. The NPC comes under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT).
2. It is a non-profit organization.
3. It has been registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
Select the correct code from the codes given below.Correct
Why in news?
National Productivity Council (NPC) has been granted accreditation conforming to ISO 17020:2012 by National Accreditation Board for Certification Body (NABCB).National Productivity Council (NPC)
• NPC is a national level organization to promote productivity culture in India.
• The NPC comes under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Established in 1958, it is an autonomous, multipartite, non-profit organization and has been registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 are correct.
• NPC is a constituent of the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation (APO), an Inter-Governmental Body, of which the Government of India is a founder member.Incorrect
Why in news?
National Productivity Council (NPC) has been granted accreditation conforming to ISO 17020:2012 by National Accreditation Board for Certification Body (NABCB).National Productivity Council (NPC)
• NPC is a national level organization to promote productivity culture in India.
• The NPC comes under the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce & Industry.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Established in 1958, it is an autonomous, multipartite, non-profit organization and has been registered as a Society under the Societies Registration Act XXI of 1860.
Hence, statement 2 and statement 3 are correct.
• NPC is a constituent of the Tokyo-based Asian Productivity Organisation (APO), an Inter-Governmental Body, of which the Government of India is a founder member. -
Question 6 of 20
6. Question
1 pointsThe Atlantification phenomenon sometimes seen in news is most closely related to which of the following seas/water bodies?
Correct
Why in news?
Scientists have uncovered “hotspots” where some parts of the Barents Sea are starting to more closely resemble the Atlantic. They call this phenomenon “Atlantification”.What is Atlantification?
• Streams of warmer water from the Atlantic Ocean flow into the Arctic at the Barents Sea.
• This warmer, saltier Atlantic water is usually fairly deep under the more buoyant Arctic water at the surface.
• Lately, however, the Atlantic water has been creeping up. That heat in the Atlantic water is helping to keep ice from forming and melting existing sea ice from below.
This process is called “Atlantification”.
• The ice is now getting hit both from the top by a warming atmosphere and at the bottom by a warming ocean.Reasons for it
• In the background of all of this is global climate change.
• The Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have been dropping for decades as global temperatures rise.
• As the Arctic loses ice and the ocean absorbs more solar radiation, global warming is amplified.
• That affects ocean circulation, weather patterns and Arctic ecosystems spanning the food chain, from phytoplankton all the way to top predators.Incorrect
Why in news?
Scientists have uncovered “hotspots” where some parts of the Barents Sea are starting to more closely resemble the Atlantic. They call this phenomenon “Atlantification”.What is Atlantification?
• Streams of warmer water from the Atlantic Ocean flow into the Arctic at the Barents Sea.
• This warmer, saltier Atlantic water is usually fairly deep under the more buoyant Arctic water at the surface.
• Lately, however, the Atlantic water has been creeping up. That heat in the Atlantic water is helping to keep ice from forming and melting existing sea ice from below.
This process is called “Atlantification”.
• The ice is now getting hit both from the top by a warming atmosphere and at the bottom by a warming ocean.Reasons for it
• In the background of all of this is global climate change.
• The Arctic sea ice extent and thickness have been dropping for decades as global temperatures rise.
• As the Arctic loses ice and the ocean absorbs more solar radiation, global warming is amplified.
• That affects ocean circulation, weather patterns and Arctic ecosystems spanning the food chain, from phytoplankton all the way to top predators. -
Question 7 of 20
7. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following are the bordering countries of Myanmar?
1. China
2. Laos
3. Thailand
4. VietnamCorrect
Why in news?
The Foreign Secretary and Chief of the Army Staff have recently visited Myanmar reflected India’s multidimensional interests in the country.The country is bordered by China to the north and northeast, Laos to the east, Thailand to the southeast, the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest, Bangladesh to the west, and India to the northwest.
Incorrect
Why in news?
The Foreign Secretary and Chief of the Army Staff have recently visited Myanmar reflected India’s multidimensional interests in the country.The country is bordered by China to the north and northeast, Laos to the east, Thailand to the southeast, the Andaman Sea and Bay of Bengal to the south and southwest, Bangladesh to the west, and India to the northwest.
-
Question 8 of 20
8. Question
1 pointsBhoj Mahal, Chattar Mahal, Ummed Mahal and Bhawaldi Baori belong to which of the following kind of architecture?
Correct
Why in news?
A recent episode of the Ministry of Tourism’s Dekho Apna Desh Webinar series has focused on the architectural heritage of Bundi, Rajasthan.Important architecture
• The City of Bundi grew outwards Taragarh hill. A small habitat developed at the foothills of the fort itself.
• The location of the royal palace was on a steep slope overlooking the valley below, providing a view of the vast surrounding hinterland.
• Garh Mahal became the focus and an imposing landmark on the skyline of Bundi was visible from the valley below. In the next 200 years, the entire cluster was built.
• The best example of medieval Indian city exhibiting water harvesting methods adopted at settlement level as well as the finest examples of water architecture.
• Location of Baoris and Kunds outside the walled city was also influenced by social considerations as access to baoris and kunds were located within the walled city was controlled.• Architectural heritage of Bundi can be classified as:
1) Garh (Fort): Taragarh2) Garh Mahal (Royal Palace)
Bhoj Mahal
Chattar Mahal
Ummed Mahal3) Baori (Step well)
Khoj Darwaja ki Baori
Bhawaldi Baori4) Kund (Stepped tank)
Dhabhai ji ka Kund
Nagar Kund & Sagar Kund
Rani Kund5) Sagar mahal (Lake Palace)
Moti Mahal
Sukh Mahal
Shikar BurjIncorrect
Why in news?
A recent episode of the Ministry of Tourism’s Dekho Apna Desh Webinar series has focused on the architectural heritage of Bundi, Rajasthan.Important architecture
• The City of Bundi grew outwards Taragarh hill. A small habitat developed at the foothills of the fort itself.
• The location of the royal palace was on a steep slope overlooking the valley below, providing a view of the vast surrounding hinterland.
• Garh Mahal became the focus and an imposing landmark on the skyline of Bundi was visible from the valley below. In the next 200 years, the entire cluster was built.
• The best example of medieval Indian city exhibiting water harvesting methods adopted at settlement level as well as the finest examples of water architecture.
• Location of Baoris and Kunds outside the walled city was also influenced by social considerations as access to baoris and kunds were located within the walled city was controlled.• Architectural heritage of Bundi can be classified as:
1) Garh (Fort): Taragarh2) Garh Mahal (Royal Palace)
Bhoj Mahal
Chattar Mahal
Ummed Mahal3) Baori (Step well)
Khoj Darwaja ki Baori
Bhawaldi Baori4) Kund (Stepped tank)
Dhabhai ji ka Kund
Nagar Kund & Sagar Kund
Rani Kund5) Sagar mahal (Lake Palace)
Moti Mahal
Sukh Mahal
Shikar Burj -
Question 9 of 20
9. Question
1 pointsIdentify the correct statement/s in context to Himalayan brown bear sometimes seen in news.
1. It comes under Vulnerable category in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) list.
2. It is is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
3. It is not found in India.Correct
Why in news?
A recent study has predicted massive habitat decline for the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) by 2050 due to climate change.Himalayan Brown Bear
• The Himalayan brown bear is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It occupies the higher reaches of the Himalayas in remote, mountainous areas of Pakistan and India, in small and isolated populations, and is extremely rare in many of its ranges.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• While the brown bear as a species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, this subspecies is highly endangered and populations are dwindling.
• It is ‘Endangered’ in the Himalayas and Critically Endangered in the Hindu Kush.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.Incorrect
Why in news?
A recent study has predicted massive habitat decline for the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) by 2050 due to climate change.Himalayan Brown Bear
• The Himalayan brown bear is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It occupies the higher reaches of the Himalayas in remote, mountainous areas of Pakistan and India, in small and isolated populations, and is extremely rare in many of its ranges.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• While the brown bear as a species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, this subspecies is highly endangered and populations are dwindling.
• It is ‘Endangered’ in the Himalayas and Critically Endangered in the Hindu Kush.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. -
Question 10 of 20
10. Question
1 pointsIdentify the correct statement/s in context to Himalayan brown bear sometimes seen in news.
1. It comes under Vulnerable category in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) list.
2. It is is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
3. It is not found in India.Correct
Why in news?
A recent study has predicted massive habitat decline for the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) by 2050 due to climate change.Himalayan Brown Bear
• The Himalayan brown bear is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It occupies the higher reaches of the Himalayas in remote, mountainous areas of Pakistan and India, in small and isolated populations, and is extremely rare in many of its ranges.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• While the brown bear as a species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, this subspecies is highly endangered and populations are dwindling.
• It is ‘Endangered’ in the Himalayas and Critically Endangered in the Hindu Kush.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.Incorrect
Why in news?
A recent study has predicted massive habitat decline for the Himalayan brown bear (Ursus arctos isabellinus) by 2050 due to climate change.Himalayan Brown Bear
• The Himalayan brown bear is one of the largest carnivores in the highlands of Himalayas.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• It occupies the higher reaches of the Himalayas in remote, mountainous areas of Pakistan and India, in small and isolated populations, and is extremely rare in many of its ranges.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• While the brown bear as a species is classified as Least Concern by the IUCN, this subspecies is highly endangered and populations are dwindling.
• It is ‘Endangered’ in the Himalayas and Critically Endangered in the Hindu Kush.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect. -
Question 11 of 20
11. Question
1 pointsSelect the correct statement/s with respect to the Consumer Price Index (CPI).
1. It does not include services.
2. It is used for identifying periods of inflation or deflation.Correct
Why in news?
The Labour and Employment Ministry has revised the base year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) from 2001 to 2016.What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
• The CPI is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them. Changes in the CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.
• The CPI is one of the most frequently used statistics for identifying periods of inflation or deflation.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Essentially it attempts to quantify the aggregate price level in an economy and thus measure the purchasing power of a country’s unit of currency.Types of CPI in India
• CPI in India comprises multiple series classified based on different economic groups.
• There are four series, viz the CPI UNME (Urban Non-Manual Employee), CPI AL (Agricultural Labourer), CPI RL (Rural Labourer) and CPI IW (Industrial Worker).
• While the CPI UNME series is published by the Central Statistical Organisation, the others are published by the Department of Labour.
• From February 2011 the CPI (UNME) released by CSO is replaced as CPI (urban), CPI (rural) and CPI (combined).Incorrect
Why in news?
The Labour and Employment Ministry has revised the base year of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) from 2001 to 2016.What is the Consumer Price Index (CPI)?
• The CPI is a measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, such as transportation, food, and medical care.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• It is calculated by taking price changes for each item in the predetermined basket of goods and averaging them. Changes in the CPI are used to assess price changes associated with the cost of living.
• The CPI is one of the most frequently used statistics for identifying periods of inflation or deflation.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• Essentially it attempts to quantify the aggregate price level in an economy and thus measure the purchasing power of a country’s unit of currency.Types of CPI in India
• CPI in India comprises multiple series classified based on different economic groups.
• There are four series, viz the CPI UNME (Urban Non-Manual Employee), CPI AL (Agricultural Labourer), CPI RL (Rural Labourer) and CPI IW (Industrial Worker).
• While the CPI UNME series is published by the Central Statistical Organisation, the others are published by the Department of Labour.
• From February 2011 the CPI (UNME) released by CSO is replaced as CPI (urban), CPI (rural) and CPI (combined). -
Question 12 of 20
12. Question
1 pointsThe Forex reserves of India consist of:
1. Foreign Currency Assets
2. Gold
3. Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
4. Reserve Tranche PositionCorrect
Why in news?
India’s foreign exchange reserves touched a lifetime high of $555.12 billion, according to RBI data.What are Forex Reserves?
• Reserve Bank of India Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves.
• RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorized dealers in open market operations.
• The Forex reserves of India consist of below four categories:
– Foreign Currency Assets
– Gold
– Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
– Reserve Tranche Position
• The IMF says official Forex reserves are held in support of a range of objectives like supporting and maintaining confidence in the policies for monetary and exchange rate management including the capacity to intervene in support of the national or union currency.
• It will also limit external vulnerability by maintaining foreign currency liquidity to absorb shocks during times of crisis or when access to borrowing is curtailed.Incorrect
Why in news?
India’s foreign exchange reserves touched a lifetime high of $555.12 billion, according to RBI data.What are Forex Reserves?
• Reserve Bank of India Act and the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 set the legal provisions for governing the foreign exchange reserves.
• RBI accumulates foreign currency reserves by purchasing from authorized dealers in open market operations.
• The Forex reserves of India consist of below four categories:
– Foreign Currency Assets
– Gold
– Special Drawing Rights (SDRs)
– Reserve Tranche Position
• The IMF says official Forex reserves are held in support of a range of objectives like supporting and maintaining confidence in the policies for monetary and exchange rate management including the capacity to intervene in support of the national or union currency.
• It will also limit external vulnerability by maintaining foreign currency liquidity to absorb shocks during times of crisis or when access to borrowing is curtailed. -
Question 13 of 20
13. Question
1 points“Paris Principles” sometimes seen in news is related to:
Correct
Why in news?
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) recognised sex workers as informal workers in their advisory on “Human Rights of Women in the context of COVID 19”.National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
• The NHRC is a statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.
• It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
• This act defines Human Rights as “Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India.
• It was established in conformity with the Paris Principles, adopted for the promotion and protection of human rights in Paris (October, 1991) and endorsed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 December, 1993.Functions
• Proactively or reactively inquire into violations of human rights by the government of India or negligence of such violation by a public servant.
• Protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation.Composition
• The NHRC consists of The Chairman and Four members (excluding the ex-officio members)
– A Chairperson, who has been a Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court
– One member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India, or, One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court
– Three Members, out of which at least one shall be a woman to be appointed from amongst persons having knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights
• In addition, the Chairpersons of National Commissions serve as ex officio members.Incorrect
Why in news?
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) recognised sex workers as informal workers in their advisory on “Human Rights of Women in the context of COVID 19”.National Human Rights Commission (NHRC)
• The NHRC is a statutory public body constituted on 12 October 1993 under the Protection of Human Rights Ordinance of 28 September 1993.
• It was given a statutory basis by the Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (PHRA).
• This act defines Human Rights as “Rights Relating To Life, liberty, equality and dignity of the individual guaranteed by the Constitution or embodied in the International Covenants and enforceable by courts in India.
• It was established in conformity with the Paris Principles, adopted for the promotion and protection of human rights in Paris (October, 1991) and endorsed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 20 December, 1993.Functions
• Proactively or reactively inquire into violations of human rights by the government of India or negligence of such violation by a public servant.
• Protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation.Composition
• The NHRC consists of The Chairman and Four members (excluding the ex-officio members)
– A Chairperson, who has been a Chief Justice of India or a Judge of the Supreme Court
– One member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India, or, One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court
– Three Members, out of which at least one shall be a woman to be appointed from amongst persons having knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights
• In addition, the Chairpersons of National Commissions serve as ex officio members. -
Question 14 of 20
14. Question
1 pointsIdenify the correct statements with respect to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC).
1. The chairperson and members can be removed only on the charges of proved misbehavior or incapacity.
2. President appoints the Chairman and members of NHRC.
3. It cannot interfere in any judicial proceedings involving any allegation of violation of human rights.Correct
Why in news?
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) recognised sex workers as informal workers in their advisory on “Human Rights of Women in the context of COVID 19”.Structure of the Commission
• NHRC is a multi-member body which consists of a Chairman and seven other members. Out of the seven members, three are ex-officio member.
• President appoints the Chairman and members of NHRC on recommendation of high-powered committee headed by Prime Minister.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Chairperson and the members of the NHRC are appointed for 5 years or till the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
• They can be removed only on the charges of proved misbehavior or incapacity, if proved by an inquiry conducted by a Supreme Court Judge.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Commission also has five Specialized Divisions i.e. Law Division, Investigation Division, Policy Research & Programmes Division, Training Division and Administration Division.
• The chairman and the members of State Commission are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Minister, Home Minister, Speaker of Legislative Assembly and Leader of the Opposition in the State Legislative Assembly.Functions and Powers of NHRC
• NHRC investigates grievances regarding the violation of human rights either suo moto or after receiving a petition.
• It has the power to interfere in any judicial proceedings involving any allegation of violation of human rights.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• It can visit any jail or any other institution under the control of the State Government to see the living conditions of the inmates and to make recommendations thereon.
• It can review the safeguards provided under the constitution or any law for the protection of the human rights and can recommend appropriate remedial measures.
• NHRC undertakes and promotes research in the field of human rights.
• NHRC works to spread human rights literacy among various sections of society and promotes awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, media, seminars and other means.
The Commission takes an independent stand while providing opinions for the protection of human rights within the parlance of the Constitution or in law for the time being enforced.
It has the powers of a civil court and can grant interim relief.
It also has the authority to recommend payment of compensation or damages.
NHRC credibility is duly reflected in large number of complaints received every year and the trust reposed in it by the citizens.
It can recommend to both the central and state governments to take suitable steps to prevent the violation of Human Rights. It submits its annual report to the President of India who causes it to be laid before each House of Parliament.
Limitations of NHRC
NHRC does not have any mechanism of investigation. In majority cases, it asks the concerned Central and State Governments to investigate the cases of the violation of Human Rights
It has been termed as ‘India’s teasing illusion’ by Soli Sorabjee (former Attorney-General of India) due to its incapacity to render any practical relief to the aggrieved party.
NHRC can only make recommendations, without the power to enforce decisions.
Many times NHRC is viewed as post-retirement destinations for judges and bureaucrats with political affiliation moreover, inadequacy of funds also hamper its working.
A large number of grievances go unaddressed because NHRC cannot investigate the complaint registered after one year of incident.
Government often out rightly rejects recommendation of NHRC or there is partial compliance to these recommendations.
State human rights commissions cannot call for information from the national government, which means that they are implicitly denied the power to investigate armed forces under national control.
National Human Rights Commission powers related to violations of human rights by the armed forces have been largely restricted.
Suggestions
There is need for complete revamping of NHRC to make it more effective and truly a watchdog of human right violations in the country.
NHRC efficacy can be enhanced by government if commission decisions are made enforceable.
There is need to change in composition of commission by including members from civil society and activists.
NHRC needs to develop an independent cadre of staff with appropriate experience.
Many laws in India are very old and archaic in nature by amending which government can bring more transparency in regulations.
To improve and strengthen the human rights situation in India, state and non state actors need to work in tandem.Incorrect
Why in news?
The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) recognised sex workers as informal workers in their advisory on “Human Rights of Women in the context of COVID 19”.Structure of the Commission
• NHRC is a multi-member body which consists of a Chairman and seven other members. Out of the seven members, three are ex-officio member.
• President appoints the Chairman and members of NHRC on recommendation of high-powered committee headed by Prime Minister.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Chairperson and the members of the NHRC are appointed for 5 years or till the age of 70 years, whichever is earlier.
• They can be removed only on the charges of proved misbehavior or incapacity, if proved by an inquiry conducted by a Supreme Court Judge.
Hence, statement 1 is correct.
• Commission also has five Specialized Divisions i.e. Law Division, Investigation Division, Policy Research & Programmes Division, Training Division and Administration Division.
• The chairman and the members of State Commission are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Minister, Home Minister, Speaker of Legislative Assembly and Leader of the Opposition in the State Legislative Assembly.Functions and Powers of NHRC
• NHRC investigates grievances regarding the violation of human rights either suo moto or after receiving a petition.
• It has the power to interfere in any judicial proceedings involving any allegation of violation of human rights.
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• It can visit any jail or any other institution under the control of the State Government to see the living conditions of the inmates and to make recommendations thereon.
• It can review the safeguards provided under the constitution or any law for the protection of the human rights and can recommend appropriate remedial measures.
• NHRC undertakes and promotes research in the field of human rights.
• NHRC works to spread human rights literacy among various sections of society and promotes awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, media, seminars and other means.
The Commission takes an independent stand while providing opinions for the protection of human rights within the parlance of the Constitution or in law for the time being enforced.
It has the powers of a civil court and can grant interim relief.
It also has the authority to recommend payment of compensation or damages.
NHRC credibility is duly reflected in large number of complaints received every year and the trust reposed in it by the citizens.
It can recommend to both the central and state governments to take suitable steps to prevent the violation of Human Rights. It submits its annual report to the President of India who causes it to be laid before each House of Parliament.
Limitations of NHRC
NHRC does not have any mechanism of investigation. In majority cases, it asks the concerned Central and State Governments to investigate the cases of the violation of Human Rights
It has been termed as ‘India’s teasing illusion’ by Soli Sorabjee (former Attorney-General of India) due to its incapacity to render any practical relief to the aggrieved party.
NHRC can only make recommendations, without the power to enforce decisions.
Many times NHRC is viewed as post-retirement destinations for judges and bureaucrats with political affiliation moreover, inadequacy of funds also hamper its working.
A large number of grievances go unaddressed because NHRC cannot investigate the complaint registered after one year of incident.
Government often out rightly rejects recommendation of NHRC or there is partial compliance to these recommendations.
State human rights commissions cannot call for information from the national government, which means that they are implicitly denied the power to investigate armed forces under national control.
National Human Rights Commission powers related to violations of human rights by the armed forces have been largely restricted.
Suggestions
There is need for complete revamping of NHRC to make it more effective and truly a watchdog of human right violations in the country.
NHRC efficacy can be enhanced by government if commission decisions are made enforceable.
There is need to change in composition of commission by including members from civil society and activists.
NHRC needs to develop an independent cadre of staff with appropriate experience.
Many laws in India are very old and archaic in nature by amending which government can bring more transparency in regulations.
To improve and strengthen the human rights situation in India, state and non state actors need to work in tandem. -
Question 15 of 20
15. Question
1 pointsIdentify the correct statement/s with respect to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA).
1. It is a pioneer of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
2. It is the development pillar of the United Nations.
3. It does not deal with environmnetal sphere.Correct
Why in news?
The report titled “World’s Women: Trends and Statistics” was released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA).United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
• It was formed in the year 1948.
• It is the development pillar of the United Nations.
• UN DESA is a pioneer of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• It brings the global community together to work towards common solutions to the world’s most pressing problems.
• It helps countries translate their global commitments into national action in the economic, social and environmental spheres.Incorrect
Why in news?
The report titled “World’s Women: Trends and Statistics” was released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA).United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
• It was formed in the year 1948.
• It is the development pillar of the United Nations.
• UN DESA is a pioneer of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
• It brings the global community together to work towards common solutions to the world’s most pressing problems.
• It helps countries translate their global commitments into national action in the economic, social and environmental spheres. -
Question 16 of 20
16. Question
1 pointsThe “Blue Dot Network” recently seen in news is a global alliance for:
Correct
Why in news?
A group of US Senators has written to India asking to join the Blue Dot Network.The Blue Dot Network
• Blue Dot is a US-led collaboration with Australia and Japan that supports private-sector-led infrastructure financing opportunities in response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
• It was formally announced on 4 November 2019 at the Indo-Pacific Business Forum in Bangkok, Thailand on the sidelines of the 35th ASEAN Summit.
• It is led by the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia.
• It is expected to serve as a global evaluation and certification system for roads, ports and bridges with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region.Fundamental difference between BRI and Blue Dot-
While the former involves direct financing, giving countries in need immediate short-term relief, the latter is not a direct financing initiative and therefore may not be what some developing countries need.Incorrect
Why in news?
A group of US Senators has written to India asking to join the Blue Dot Network.The Blue Dot Network
• Blue Dot is a US-led collaboration with Australia and Japan that supports private-sector-led infrastructure financing opportunities in response to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).
• It was formally announced on 4 November 2019 at the Indo-Pacific Business Forum in Bangkok, Thailand on the sidelines of the 35th ASEAN Summit.
• It is led by the U.S. International Development Finance Corporation, Japan Bank for International Cooperation, and Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia.
• It is expected to serve as a global evaluation and certification system for roads, ports and bridges with a focus on the Indo-Pacific region.Fundamental difference between BRI and Blue Dot-
While the former involves direct financing, giving countries in need immediate short-term relief, the latter is not a direct financing initiative and therefore may not be what some developing countries need. -
Question 17 of 20
17. Question
1 points“State of Global Air 2020 Report” is published by:
Correct
Why in news?
Air pollution now biggest health risk in India, says the State of Global Air 2020 Report.State of Global Air Report
• The State of Global Air report brings into one place the latest information on air quality and health for countries around the globe.
• It is produced annually by the Health Effects Institute and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease project.India’s exposure to pollution
• Long-term exposure to outdoor and household air pollution contributed to over 1.67 million annual deaths from stroke, heart attack, diabetes, lung cancer, chronic lung diseases and neonatal diseases in India in 2019.
• Overall, air pollution was now the largest risk factor for death among all health risks, the report noted.
• Outdoor and household particulate matter pollution also contributed to the deaths of more than 1,16,000 Indian infants in their first month of life last year.
• For the youngest infants, most deaths were related to complications from low birth weight and preterm birth.Incorrect
Why in news?
Air pollution now biggest health risk in India, says the State of Global Air 2020 Report.State of Global Air Report
• The State of Global Air report brings into one place the latest information on air quality and health for countries around the globe.
• It is produced annually by the Health Effects Institute and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Global Burden of Disease project.India’s exposure to pollution
• Long-term exposure to outdoor and household air pollution contributed to over 1.67 million annual deaths from stroke, heart attack, diabetes, lung cancer, chronic lung diseases and neonatal diseases in India in 2019.
• Overall, air pollution was now the largest risk factor for death among all health risks, the report noted.
• Outdoor and household particulate matter pollution also contributed to the deaths of more than 1,16,000 Indian infants in their first month of life last year.
• For the youngest infants, most deaths were related to complications from low birth weight and preterm birth. -
Question 18 of 20
18. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statment/s is/are correct with respect to National Green Tribunal (NGT)?
1. India is the first country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribunal.
2. The members of NGT are not eligible for reappointment.
3. The Chairperson is appointed by the President of India.Correct
Why in news?
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) wants a relook at Kaleshwaram Project since the Telangana government subsequently changed the design of the project.National Green tribunal
• It is a specialised body set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010) for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
• With the establishment of the NGT, India became the third country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, only after Australia and New Zealand, and the first developing country to do so.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• NGT is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.
• The NGT has five places of sittings, New Delhi is the Principal place of sitting and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai are the other four.Structure of NGT
• The Tribunal comprises of the Chairperson, the Judicial Members and Expert Members. They shall hold office for term of five years and are not eligible for reappointment.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Chairperson is appointed by the Central Government in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• A Selection Committee shall be formed by central government to appoint the Judicial Members and Expert Members.
• There are to be least 10 and maximum 20 full time Judicial members and Expert Members in the tribunal.Incorrect
Why in news?
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) wants a relook at Kaleshwaram Project since the Telangana government subsequently changed the design of the project.National Green tribunal
• It is a specialised body set up under the National Green Tribunal Act (2010) for effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests and other natural resources.
• With the establishment of the NGT, India became the third country in the world to set up a specialised environmental tribunal, only after Australia and New Zealand, and the first developing country to do so.
Hence, statement 1 is incorrect.
• NGT is mandated to make disposal of applications or appeals finally within 6 months of filing of the same.
• The NGT has five places of sittings, New Delhi is the Principal place of sitting and Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata and Chennai are the other four.Structure of NGT
• The Tribunal comprises of the Chairperson, the Judicial Members and Expert Members. They shall hold office for term of five years and are not eligible for reappointment.
Hence, statement 2 is correct.
• The Chairperson is appointed by the Central Government in consultation with Chief Justice of India (CJI).
Hence, statement 3 is incorrect.
• A Selection Committee shall be formed by central government to appoint the Judicial Members and Expert Members.
• There are to be least 10 and maximum 20 full time Judicial members and Expert Members in the tribunal. -
Question 19 of 20
19. Question
1 pointsWith which of the following states does Assam share its boundaries?
1. Sikkim
2. West Bengal
3. Mizoram
4. TripuraCorrect
Why in news?
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has asked Assam and Mizoram to maintain peace and display “no aggressive posturing” after violent clashes took place at the border between the two States on Saturday night.• The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India.
Incorrect
Why in news?
The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has asked Assam and Mizoram to maintain peace and display “no aggressive posturing” after violent clashes took place at the border between the two States on Saturday night.• The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22 kilometres (14 mi) wide strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India.
-
Question 20 of 20
20. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to the Lion-tailed Macaque.
1. It is endemic to rainforests of the Western Ghats.
2. It is Critically Endangered.
3. It is listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
4. It is also accorded the highest protection under the Indian law.
Select the correct code from the codes given below.Correct
Why in news?
The Union government allowed a geotechnical investigation that involved drilling of 12 boreholes inside Sharavathi Valley Lion-tailed Macaque Sanctuary in the Western Ghats in Karnataka.About Lion-tailed Macaque
• Endemic to rainforests of the Western Ghats, the Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca Silenus) is an Endangered species, according to IUCN assessment.
Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• It is a Schedule 1 species under WPA, 1972 and thereby, accorded the highest protection under the Indian law.
Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• Their total (global) population is 2,500 mature individuals.Incorrect
Why in news?
The Union government allowed a geotechnical investigation that involved drilling of 12 boreholes inside Sharavathi Valley Lion-tailed Macaque Sanctuary in the Western Ghats in Karnataka.About Lion-tailed Macaque
• Endemic to rainforests of the Western Ghats, the Lion-tailed Macaque (Macaca Silenus) is an Endangered species, according to IUCN assessment.
Hence, statement 1 is correct and statement 2 is incorrect.
• It is listed in Appendix 1 of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species.
Hence, statement 3 is correct.
• It is a Schedule 1 species under WPA, 1972 and thereby, accorded the highest protection under the Indian law.
Hence, statement 4 is correct.
• Their total (global) population is 2,500 mature individuals.
