The order from North to South is:
Yanam (Andhra Pradesh)
Chennai (Tamil Nadu)
Puducherry (Tamil Nadu)
Karaikal (Tamil Nadu)

Zoji La is a high mountain pass in the Himalayas in the Indian union territory of Ladakh.
Shipki La is located in Kinnaur district in the state of Himachal Pradesh, India, and Ngari Prefecture in Tibet, China.
Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East Sikkim district. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
Bomdila is the headquarters of West Kameng district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

India share borders with Bangladesh, China, Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Bhutan and Afghanistan.
The longest border is shared by Bangladesh which is 4096.70 Km (2,545-mile). Also, it is the fifth-longest land border in the world.
The order is:
Bangladesh (longest)
China
Pakistan
Nepal
Myanmar
Bhutan
Afghanistan

The order from West to East is:
• Mahadeo hills- are a range of hills in Madhya Pradesh state of central India. The hills are situated in the northern section of the Satpura Range.
• Kaimur hills- also called Kaimur Range, lies in eastern portion of the Vindhya Range, starting near Katangi in the Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh and running generally east for a distance of about 300 miles (480 km) to Sasaram in Bihar.
• Rajmahal hills- lies in the eastern Jharkhand. The hills trend north-south with an average elevation of 200–300 m (660–980 ft), from the Sahibganj district to the Dumka district. The River Ganges wanders around the hills changing the direction of flow from east to south.
• Mikir hills- are a group of hills located to the south of the Kaziranga National Park, Assam. The easternmost Meghalaya comprising the detached Mikir Hills is partly isolated being surrounded by three sides. Mikir Hills is known oldest landform in Assam. It is part of the Karbi-Plateau. Its highest peak is Dambuchko.

The order from North to South is:
• Nallamala hills- are a section of the Eastern Ghats which forms the eastern boundary of Rayalaseema region of the state of Andhra Pradesh and Mahabubnagar, Nalgonda districts of the state of Telangana, in India. They run in a nearly north-south alignment, parallel to the Coromandel Coast for close to 430 km between the rivers, Krishna and Pennar.
• Javadi hills- are an extension of the Eastern Ghats spread across parts of Vellore and Tiruvannamalai districts in the northern part of the state of Tamil Nadu in southeastern India.
• Shevaroy hills- are a towering mountain range (1620 m) near the city of Salem, in Tamil Nadu state, southern India. It is one of the major hill stations in Tamil Nadu and in the Eastern Ghats.
• Cardamom hills- are mountain range of southern India and part of the southern Western Ghats located in southeast Kerala and southwest Tamil Nadu in India. Their name comes from the cardamom spice grown in much of the hills’ cool elevation, which also supports pepper and coffee. The Western Ghats and Periyar Sub-Cluster including the Cardamom Hills, are UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

• An important aspect of the Arunachal Himalayas is the
numerous ethnic tribal community inhabiting
in these areas.
• Some of the prominent ones
from west to east are the Monpa, Abor, Mishmi,
Nyishi and the Nagas.
• Most of these communities practise Jhumming.
It is also known as shifting or slash and burn
cultivation.

The order from West to East is:
Malwa Plateau, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand
and Hazaribagh Plateau

The order of islands from North to South is:
North Andaman
Middle Andaman
south Andaman
Little Andaman

• From the north to the south, the northern plains can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains.
• The alluvial plains can be further divided into the Khadar and the Bhangar.
• Bhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at
the break-up of the slope. As a result of this, the streams and rivers coming from the
mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders, and at times, disappear in this
zone.
• South of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt, with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby, creating marshy and swampy conditions known as the Tarai. This has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wildlife.
• The south of Tarai is a belt consisting of old and new alluvial deposits known as the
Bhangar and Khadar respectively.
• Bhabar is the older alluvium occupying higher grounds.
• Khadar is the newer alluvium covering the low lying flood plains.

The order from North to South is:
Karakoram
Ladakh
Zanskar
Great Himalayas

The rivers from North to South are:
Jhelum
Chenab
Ravi
Beas
Satluj

The rivers from West to East are:
Chambal, Sind, Betwa, Ken.

Tropic of Cancer passes through 8 states:
Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.

States sharing boundary with Nepal are:
Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal

The order of rivers from North to South is as follows:
Penganga
Godavari
Krishna
Tungabhadra

The hills arranged in North to South are:
Dafla hills
Pataki Bum
Naga hills
Mizo hills

The order of given biosphere reserves from East to West is-
• Dihang Dibang, Dibru Saikhowa, Achanakmar-Amarkantak and Panchmarhi.
• Panchmarhi- Madhya Pradesh
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak- Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
• Dibru Saikhowa- Assam
• Dihang Dibang- Arunachal Pradesh

Biosphere Reserves that lie South of Tropic of Cancer are:
• Panchmarhi
• Achanakmar-Amarkantak
• Simplipal
• Sunderban
• Nilgiri
• Gulf of Mannar
• Great Nicobar
• Agasthyamalai

Some important minor plates are listed below:
• Cocos plate : Between Central America
and Pacific plate
• Nazca plate : Between South America
and Pacific plate
• Arabian plate : Mostly the Saudi Arabian
landmass
• Philippine plate : Between the Asiatic and
Pacific plate
• Caroline plate : Between the Philippine
and Indian plate (North of New Guinea)
• Fuji plate : North-east of Australia.

• Jaun de Fuca Plate is located on the western side of the North American Plate at the Cascadia subduction zone.
• The Scotia Plate is a tectonic plate on the edge of the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean.

Assam Oilfields
• The Digboi field, the Naharkatiya field and the Moran-Hugrijan field are the main oilfields in this region.

Gujarat Oilfields
• Ankleshwar, Khambhat or Lunej, Ahmedabad and Kalol, Nawgam, Kosamba, Kathana, Barkol, Mahesana and Sanand are important oilfields of this region.

Rajasthan Oilfields
• One of the largest inland oil discoveries was made in Banner district of Rajasthan.
• Other important discoveries == Mangala oil field, Sarswati and Rajeshwari.
• Rajasthan is the largest on shore oil producing state of India.