Statement 1 is Incorrect.
-The Mahalwari system of land revenue was introduced by Holt Mackenzie and Robert Merttins Bird. It was introduced during the time of Lord William Bentinck. Munro Played most important role in development of Ryotwari system and not mahalwari system.
-In Mahalwari system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more villages. Ownership rights were vested with the peasants. Along with the village communities, the landlords were jointly responsible for the payment of the revenues.

Options 1 and 3 are Incorrect.
The foreigners appointed as President of the INC are George Yule, William Wedderburn, Alfred Webb, Henry Cotton and Annie Besant.
Notably, Allan Octavian Hume was a member of the Imperial Civil Service, a political reformer and a founder of the Indian National Congress. However he never became the President of Congress.

Both Statements are Incorrect.
The colonial judicial system was given a start by Warren Hastings but the system was firmly established by Lord Cornwallis in 1793.In each district was established a Diwani Adalat, or civil court, presided over by the District Judge who belonged to the Civil Service.
Cornwallis thus separated the posts of the Civil Judge and the Collector.To deal with criminal cases, Cornwallis divided the Presidency of Bengal into four divisions, in each of which a Court of Circuit presided over by the civil servants was established. Below these courts came a large number of Indian magistrates to try petty cases. Appeals from the Courts of Circuit lay with the Sadar Nizamat Adalat.

Both Statements are Correct.
The British Committee of the Indian National Congress was established in Britain by the Indian National Congress in 1889. Its purpose was to raise awareness of Indian issues to the public in Britain, to whom the Government of India was responsible.
It followed the work of W.C. Bonnerjee and Dadabhoi Naoroji, who raised India related issues in the British parliament through the support of radical MPs like Charles Bradlaugh. William Wedderburn served as the first chairmanship and William Digby as secretary.

Statement 2 is Incorrect.
The bill was introduced in 1883 by Viceroy Ripon, who actually desired to abolish the racial prejudice from the Indian Penal Code.
Ripon had proposed an amendment for existing laws in the country and to allow Indian judges and magistrates the jurisdiction to try British offenders in criminal cases at the District level. It was never allowed before.

Option A is Correct.
-Under the Dual government of Clive, as the Diwan, the Company directly collected its revenues, while through the right to nominate the Deputy Subahdar, it controlled the nizamat or the police and judicial powers.Thus Option(a) best describes Clive’s Dual Goverment in Bengal.
-This arrangement is known in history as the ‘dual’ or ‘double’ government. It held a great advantage for the British: they had power without responsibility.

Option C is Correct.
Azamgarh proclamation was published in the Delhi Gazette in the midst of the “Great Mutiny” of 1857. The author was most probably Firoz Shah, a grandson of the Mughal emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar (r. 1837–1857), whose restoration to full power was a main aim of the rebels.

It was issued on behalf of Bahadur Shah Zafar after the initial success in the revolt. It called upon the Indians of all classes and religions to rise up against the faithless English. It was basically an Indian rebel Manifesto.

Statement 3 is Incorrect.
Lord Cornwallis twice held the high post of governor general. His first tenure lasted from 1786 to 1793. For second time, he came to India in 1805, he defeated Tipu in third Anglo-Mysore war and signed Treaty of Srirangpatanam .
Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement in Bengal, Banaras, Bihar, Carnatic (North Karnataka) and Orissa. As per this system, the Zamindars who formerly collected revenues were recognized as Land Lords and the ownership of the Land was made hereditary.

Statement 1 is Incorrect.
India started importing finished products only after the Industrial Revolution started in Britain
Export of finished goods from India declined and more raw material was imported to fuel industrial revolution in Britain
British invested capital to build railways, industries in India as opportunities outside saturated.

Statement 2 is Incorrect.
Tarak Nath Das in Vancouver (Canada) started the Free Hindustan and adopted a very militant nationalist tone.G.D. Kumar set up a Swadesh Sevak Home in Vancouver on the lines of the India House in London and also began to bring out a Gurmukhi paper called Swadesh Sevak which advocated social reform and also asked Indian troops to rise in revolt against the British.In 1910, Tarak Nath Das and G.D. Kumar set up the United India House in Seattle in the U.S.A.

Both Statements are Correct.
-East India Association, 1866, was established by Dadabhai Naoroji in London.It was a platform for discussing matters and ideas about India, and to provide representation for Indians to the British Government.
Bangabhasa Prakashika Sabha was started by Associates of Raja Ram Mohan Roy in 1836 in Calcutta.
It was launched in 1836 under the leadership of Gourishankar Tarkabagish.
Objectives: to promote Bengali education by means of polemics and build up public opinion.

Both Statements are Correct.
The movement was fought against partition of Bengal, a measure of Viceroy Curzon to destroy unity of Bengal which was centre of Congress’ activities.
However, the movement failed so far as revocation of partition’s concerned and further led to Surat split i.e. expulsion of extremists from the Congress fold.

All Statements are Correct.
Pagal Panthis was a semi religious sect founded by Karam Shah in northern district of Bengal.Tipu, son of Karam Shah, played important role for this sect. Tipu was motivated by both religious and political motives and took up the cause of the tenants against the oppression of the Zamindars.
Faraizi Revolt Faraizis were the followers of the Muslim sect founded by Haji Shariatullah of Faridpur in East Bengal It advocated radical religious, social and political changes.The revolt aimed to expel English from Bengal. They also supported the cause of tenants against zamindars.
Ahom Revolt was against Britishers who had pledged to withdraw after first Burma War from Assam but instead attempted to incorporate Ahom’s territory in Company’s dominion. This sparked off a rebellion in 1828 under the leadership of Gomdhar Konwar.

Statement 3 is Incorrect.
Under Warren Hastings, District Diwani Adalats were established in districts to try civil disputes. These are placed under Collector.Persian language was replaced by English in Supreme Court. In 1834, Law Commission under Macaulay led to codification of Indian law.
And as a result Civil Procedure Code (1859), Indian Penal Code (1860) and Criminal Procedure Code (1861) were prepared.
In higher courts persian was replaced by English as the court language under Lord William Bentick.

Both Statements are Correct.
The first act against child marriage was passed in 1860. Behramji Malabari was a parsi reformer who fought against hindu orthodox elements to ultimately get the 1891 act passed which raised the age of girls from 10-12.
Child Marriage Restraint Act 1929 passed on 28 September 1929 in the British India Legislature of India, fixed the age of marriage for girls at 14 years and boys at 18 years which was later amended to 18 for girls and 21 for boys. It is popularly known as the Sarda Act, after its sponsor Harbilas Sarda.

Option B is Correct.
Sanyasi Rebellion is very important. Some historians regard it as the first war of independence.
1.Sanyasi Rebellion 1770-1820
-Politico- Religious.
– Immediate cause of the rebellion was the restrictions imposed on the pilgrims visiting the holy places. Inspired the Chuar Revolt of 1799 and the Santhal Revolt of 1855–56

2.Chuar Revolt 1766-1772
-Tribal. Durjan Singh was the leader. Chaur is a derogatory term meaning ‘pig’. Targetted against the british.

3.Pagal Panthis of Bengal 1825-1850
-Politico- Religious
– Karam Shah and his son Tipu

4.Santhal 1854-56
– Bir Singh of Sasan in Lachimpur
– Sido and Kanho in Daman-i-koh fought to expel the outsiders – the dikus.

Option D is Correct.
Casteism was practised in Kerala during the 19th and early 20th centuries and the lower caste people such as Ezhavas and Thiyyas and the untouchable castes like Paraiyars, tribals and Pulayars had to suffer discrimination from the upper caste people such as Brahmins. It was against this discrimination that Guru performed his first major public act, the consecration of Siva idol at Aruvippuram in 1888.
Overall, he consecrated forty five temples across Kerala and Tamil Nadu. His consecrations were not necessarily conventional deities; a slab inscribed with the words, Truth, Ethics, Compassion, Love, a vegetarian Shiva, a mirror and a sculpture by an Italian sculptor were among the various consecrations made by him. He propagated the ideals of compassion and religious tolerance and one of his noted works, Anukampadasakam, extols various religious figures such as Krishna, The Buddha, Adi Shankara, Jesus Christ.

Option 3 is Incorrect.
Besides Shome Prakash, all are his works. Shome Prakash was a newspaper published by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
His other works are as follows –
Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidinor(A Gift to Monotheists) (1905), Vedanta (1815), Ishopanishad (1816), Kathopanishad (1817), Moonduk Upanishad (1819), The Precepts of Jesus – Guide to Peace and Happiness (1820), Sambad Kaumudi – a Bengali newspaper (1821), Mirat-ul-Akbar – Persian journal (1822), Gaudiya Vyakaran (1826), Brahmapasona (1828), Brahmasangeet (1829) and The Universal Religion (1829).

Both Statements are Correct.
Works/Organizations associated with prominent leaders gain significance by default and you are expected to know them.
There were two of them: the Madras Hindu Social Reforms Association founded by Veresalingam Pantulu (1848-1939) in 1892, and the Madras. Hindu Association founded by Mrs. Annie Besant in 1904. Pantulu’s Hindu Association was a social purity-movement advocating temperance and combating the devadasi custom. Besant’s organisation was intended “to promote Hindu social and religious advancement on national lines with the spirit of Hindu civilization”.

All Statements are Correct.
This Act was also referred to as the “Gaging Act”. It empowered a magistrate to require a printer or publisher to deposit security or enter into a bond bending himself not to print or publish anything likely to incite feelings of dissatisfaction towards the Government or hatred between the different races of India.
The Government was authorized to warn as well as to confiscate the plant, the deposit etc, in the event of publication of some undesirable matter. The printer was given the option of submitting proofs to the official censor and dropping all rejected matter and thus escape from the clutches of law. The action of magistrate was final and could not be challenged in a court of law.