Palli village in Samba district of Jammu and Kashmir has become the first panchayat in the country to become carbon-neutral, fully powered by solar energy.

Various feats achieved

• All its records have been digitised and the benefits of all the Central schemes are available in this village around 17 km from Jammu.
• Palli village, with its enthusiastic and dedicated elected representatives full of dreams, has shown how to implement the Glasgow pledge (Panchamrita) made by PM Modi.
• It has set an example of the slogan Sabka Prayas (everyone’s efforts).

What is Carbon Neutrality?

• Carbon neutrality refers to achieving net-zero carbon dioxide emissions or buying enough carbon credits to make up the difference.
• This can be done by balancing emissions of carbon dioxide with its removal (often through carbon offsetting) or by eliminating emissions from society.
•  It is used in the context of carbon dioxide-releasing processes associated with transportation, energy production, agriculture, and industry.
•  The term carbon neutral also includes other greenhouse gases, usually carbon-based, measured in terms of their carbon dioxide equivalence.
• The term “net-zero” is increasingly used to describe a broader and more comprehensive commitment to decarbonization and climate action.
• Net-zero emissions are achieved when your organization’s emissions of all greenhouse gases (CO₂-e) are balanced by greenhouse gas removals

Methodology

Carbon-neutral status can be achieved in two ways:

• Carbon offsetting: Balancing carbon dioxide emissions with carbon offsets — the process of reducing or avoiding greenhouse gas emissions or removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make up for emissions elsewhere. If the total greenhouse gasses emitted is equal to the total amount avoided or removed, then the two effects cancel each other out and the net emissions are ‘neutral’.
• Reducing emissions: Reducing carbon emissions can be done by moving towards energy sources and industrial processes that produce fewer greenhouse gases, thereby transitioning to a low-carbon economy. Shifting towards the use of renewable energy such as hydro, wind, geothermal, and solar power, as well as nuclear power, reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

Agreement and Target

• The Paris Agreement is a legally binding international treaty on climate change. It was adopted by 196 Parties at COP 21 in Paris, on 12 December 2015 and entered into force on 4 November 2016.
• Its goal is to limit global warming to well below 2, preferably to 1.5 degrees Celsius, compared to pre-industrial levels.
• Article 4.1 of the Paris Agreement asks countries to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible.
• It also requires countries to undertake rapid reductions in carbon emissions to achieve a balance between anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of greenhouse gases.

Back2Basics:  Panchamrita

• ‘Panchamrita’ is a traditional method of mixing five natural foods — milk, ghee, curd, honey, and jaggery.
• These are used in Hindu and Jain worship rituals. It is also used as a technique in Ayurveda.
• The PM euphemistically termed his scheme as ‘Panchamrita’ meaning the ‘five ambrosia’.
• Under Panchamrita’, India will:

1. Get its non-fossil energy capacity to 500 gigawatts by 2030
2. Meet 50 percent of its energy requirements till 2030 with renewable energy
3. Reduce its projected carbon emission by one billion tonnes by 2030
4. Reduce the carbon intensity of its economy by 45 percent by 2030
5. Achieve net-zero by 2070

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