Indian Councils Act, 1861, made a beginning of representative institutions by associating Indians with the lawmaking process. It thus provided that the viceroy should nominate some Indians as non-official members of his expanded council.
In 1862, Lord Canning, the then viceroy, nominated three Indians to his legislative council—the Raja of Benaras, the Maharaja of Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao.

1 and 2 are correct.
The function of a constitution is to
• provide a set of basic rules that allow for minimal coordination amongst members of a society.
• specify who has the power to make decisions in a society. It decides how the government will be constituted.
• set some limits on what a government can impose on its citizens. These limits are fundamental in the sense that government may never trespass them.
• enable the government to fulfil the aspirations of a society and create conditions for a just society.
• ensure that a dominant group does not use its power against other less powerful people or groups.
Every society is prone to this tyranny of the majority. The Constitution usually contains rules that ensure that minorities are not excluded from anything that is routinely available to the majority A constitution does not always specify for a democracy.

Only statement 1 is correct.
Constitution specifies the structure, organisation, powers and functions of both the Central and state governments and prescribes the limits within which they must operate. Thus, it avoids the misunderstandings and disagreements between the two. All the laws made in India are codified separate from the constitution and maintained in a law book. They need not be a part of the constitution. Even in the UK where there is no written constitution, people enjoy several fundamental rights. However, only because our fundamental rights are written in the constitution, it is difficult to amend and change them as per the wishes of the political executive.

1 and 3 are correct.
First Schedule — Names of the States and their territorial jurisdiction; Names of the Union Territories and their extent.
• Second Schedule — Provisions relating to the emoluments, allowances, privileges and so on of President, Governor, Judges etc.
• Third Schedule — Forms of Oaths or Affirmations for MPs, Ministers, Constitutional functionaries etc.
• Fourth Schedule – Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha to the states and the union territories.
• Fifth Schedule – Provisions relating to the administration and control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes.
• Sixth Schedule – Provisions relating to the administration of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram.
• Seventh Schedule – Division of powers between the Union and the States in terms of List I (Union List), List II (State List) and List III (Concurrent List).
• Eighth Schedule – Languages recognized by the Constitution.
• Ninth schedule – Acts & regulation of states dealing with the land reforms & abolition of zamindari system and of the Parliament dealing with other matters. This schedule was added by the 1st Amendment (1951) to
protect the laws included in it from judicial scrutiny on the ground of violation of fundamental rights. However, in 2007, the Supreme Court ruled that the laws included in this schedule after April 24, 1973, are now open to judicial review.
• Tenth schedule – Anti-defection provisions
• Eleventh schedule – powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayat
• Twelfth schedule – powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipalities

2 and 3 are correct.
It literally means ‘we command ‘. It is a command issued by the court to a public official asking him to perform his official duties that he has failed or refused to perform. It can also be issued against any public body, a corporation, an inferior court, a tribunal or government for the same purpose.
The writ of mandamus cannot be issued
• against a private individual or body
• to enforce departmental instruction that does not possess statutory force
• when the duty is discretionary and not mandatory
• to enforce a contractual obligation
• against the president of India or the state governors
• against the chief justice of a high court acting in judicial capacity.