Introduction

The rising number of cancer cases and the shortage of specialists present a significant challenge in reducing fatalities.
Mumbai’s Tata Memorial Hospital (TMH) is leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) to create a ‘Bio-Imaging Bank’ for early-stage cancer detection.

What is a ‘Bio-Imaging Bank’?

Comprehensive Repository: The Bio-Imaging Bank is a repository containing radiology and pathology images linked with clinical information, outcome data, treatment specifics, and additional metadata.
AI Integration: The project uses deep learning to develop a cancer-specific tailored algorithm for early detection, incorporating data from 60,000 patients.

Focus on Specific Cancers: Initially targeting head and neck cancers and lung cancers, the project aims to collect data for at least 1000 patients for each type.
Multi-Institutional Effort: Funded by the Department of Biotechnology, the project involves collaboration with IIT-Bombay, RGCIRC-New Delhi, AIIMS-New Delhi, and PGIMER-Chandigarh.

Learning from Data: AI analyzes extensive datasets of radiological and pathological images to recognize features associated with various cancers.
Early Detection: By identifying tissue changes and potential malignancies, AI facilitates early cancer detection, crucial for effective treatment.

Data Annotation and Correlation: The team segments and annotates images, correlating them with biopsy results, histopathology reports, and genomic sequences to develop algorithms.
Clinical Utility: Algorithms developed from the bio-bank assess treatment responses and guide treatment plans, reducing unnecessary chemotherapy for predicted non-responders.

Radiation Reduction: TMH has used AI to reduce radiation exposure for pediatric patients undergoing CT scans by 40%.
Thoracic Radiology: An AI algorithm in the ICU for thoracic radiology provides immediate diagnoses with 98% accuracy after doctor validation.

Transformative Potential: AI is expected to tailor treatment approaches based on patient profiles, optimizing therapy outcomes, especially in rural India.
Simplifying Diagnosis: AI could enable general practitioners to diagnose complex cancers with a simple click, enhancing precision in cancer solutions.
Continuous Learning: As AI continuously learns and improves, it promises timely cancer diagnoses, better patient outcomes, and support for healthcare professionals.
Debates and Resistance: The use of AI tools in healthcare raises debates about the potential replacement of human radiologists and faces regulatory scrutiny and resistance from some doctors and health institutions.

Enhancing Detection and Treatment: Tata Memorial Hospital’s AI-driven Bio-Imaging Bank represents a pioneering step in enhancing cancer detection and treatment, promising a future where technology significantly improves patient care and outcomes.
Balancing Technology and Human Expertise: While AI offers immense potential, it’s crucial to balance technological advancements with human expertise and address ethical and regulatory considerations to ensure the best possible care for patients.