Answer(c)
Operation AMRITH
• Objective: The initiative aims to optimize antibiotic use by preventing over-the-counter (OTC) sales and ensuring compliance with prescription requirements.
• Pharmacy Regulations: Pharmacies are required to maintain accurate records of antibiotic sales and display notices stating that antibiotics will not be sold without a doctor’s prescription.
• Public Participation: The initiative encourages public involvement by allowing individuals to report pharmacies that sell antibiotics without a prescription.

Answer: (b)
CSTO is a military alliance established in 2002, aimed at ensuring collective security among its member states in Eurasia.
Explanation: The Collective Security Treaty Organisation (CSTO) is an intergovernmental military alliance in Eurasia, established in 2002. Its members include Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. The organization traces its origins back to the Collective Security Treaty signed in 1992, which aimed to provide mutual defense among its signatories. The CSTO’s objectives include ensuring national and collective security, fostering politico-military cooperation, and coordinating foreign policy on security issues. The organization’s headquarters is located in Moscow, Russia, and it operates through statutory bodies such as the Collective Security Council and the Council of Foreign Ministers.

Answer: (A)
• India under the treaty is under obligation to allow water of Indus western rivers. The treaty allocates 80% of six river Indus water system to Pakistan and only 20% to India. Hence,statement 1 is correct.
• The treaty has three tier dispute resolution mechanism:
1.Permanent Indus Commission
2.World Bank appointing a neutral expert
3.Court of Arbitration (CoA)
Hence,statement 2 is incorrect.
• India has sent a notice to Pakistan for the modification of 1960 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT). This was sent after Pakistan unilaterally tried to change the process of resolving disputes between the two sides.Hence statement 3 is incorrect.

Answer: (c)
The Household Consumption Expenditure Survey is a comprehensive assessment conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) typically every five years. It aims to generate estimates of household Monthly Per Capita Consumption Expenditure (MPCE) and its distribution across rural and urban sectors, states, Union Territories, and socio-economic groups. The survey provides crucial insights into consumption patterns and expenditure trends, helping policymakers and economists understand household welfare and economic dynamics. The recent survey revealed notable trends, including increases in average MPCE and shifts in spending patterns, particularly a decline in the proportion of spending on food. Such data plays a vital role in shaping economic policies, assessing poverty levels, and calculating key indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Consumer Price Inflation (CPI).

Answer: (d)
River Sutlej is joined by the Chenab in Pakistan. Thus, Sutlej receives the collective drainage of the Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum rivers. It joins the Indus a few kilometres above Mithankot.