Answer: (a)
Only statement 1 is correct.
Exchange Traded Funds (ETFs)
• ETFs are marketable securities that track various assets, including indices, commodities, or bonds, and trade on stock exchanges like regular stocks.
• ETFs were started in 2001 in India.
• Types of ETFs: Equity ETFs, bonds ETFs, commodity ETFs, international ETFs, and sectoral/thematic ETFs cater to diverse investment preferences.
• ETFs can be purchased or sold on a stock exchange in the same way that regular stocks can, unlike the mutual funds.
• The traded price of an ETF changes throughout the day like any other stock, as it is bought and sold on the stock exchange.
• The trading value of an ETF is based on the net asset value of the underlying stocks that it represents.
• These funds offer higher liquidity, lower fees, and tax efficiency compared to traditional mutual funds, appealing to individual investors.

Answer: (a)
North Atlantic right whales face a grave threat due to entanglement in fishing gear, contributing to their critically endangered status.
Entanglement not only leads to physical harm but also affects reproductive success, exacerbating the species’ decline.
Entanglement in fishing gear leads to energy expenditure, reduced feeding efficiency, and physical injuries, ultimately impacting whales’ ability to reproduce and survive. Even minor entanglements have devastating consequences on female right whales.

Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is not correct.
• Krutrim AI is Ola’s homegrown AI assistant, designed to cater to the diverse needs and nuances of Indian consumers, bridging the gap between conventional AI and specific cultural contexts.
• Krutrim boasts the ability to converse in English, Hindi, Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, Marathi, Kannada, Bengali, Gujarati, and Hinglish, catering to the linguistic diversity of India.
• Users can leverage Krutrim for a range of tasks, including writing emails, seeking information, learning new skills, planning travel, discovering recipes, and more.

Answer: (c)
All the statements are correct.
Corals
• Coral are made up of genetically identical organisms called polyps.
• These polyps have microscopic algae called zooxanthellae living within their tissues in a mutualistic relationship.
• The coral provides the zooxanthellae with the compounds necessary for photosynthesis.
• In return, the zooxanthellae supply the coral with organic products of photosynthesis, like carbohydrates, which are utilized by the coral polyps for synthesis of their calcium carbonate skeletons.
• Corals are marine invertebrates or animals which do not possess a spine.
• They are the largest living structures on the planet.
• Each coral is called a polyp and thousands of such polyps live together to form a colony, which grow when polyps multiply to make copies of themselves.
• Coral reefs are also called the “rainforests of the seas”.

Answer: (d)
None of the statements are correct.
• Karnataka is the largest producer accounting for about 70% of the total coffee production in India.
• It is followed by Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Orissa and the North-eastern areas have a smaller proportion of production.
• Arabica has high market value than Robusta coffee due to its mild aromatic flavor.
• Indian coffee exports display a seasonality, with exports peaking from March to June.