Why in the News?

Researchers at the University of California, have developed a nanopore-based diagnostic tool capable of detecting illnesses more quickly and accurately by analyzing signals from individual molecules.

What is the Nanopore-Based Tool?

• The Nanopore-Based Tool is a groundbreaking innovation developed by UC Riverside scientists for disease diagnostics.
• It leverages nanopores, which are tiny openings capable of detecting individual molecules like DNA and proteins.
• By measuring electrical signals generated as molecules pass through the nanopore, the tool enables ultra-sensitive and precise detection of illnesses.

How does it Work?

• Biological samples mixed with salts are introduced into the system.
• Salts dissociate into ions, creating a flow through the nanopore.
• As a DNA or protein molecule passes through the nanopore, it blocks the flow of ions.
• This blockage reduces the flow, creating electrical signals.
• The system measures the reduction in ion flow to identify the molecule.
• Advanced circuitry accounts for missed signals, ensuring precise detection.
• Nanopores filter out background noise, unlike traditional systems that require external filters, preserving critical data for accurate diagnostics.

Significance and Features of Nanopore Technology

• It helps detect infections within 24 to 48 hours, much faster than traditional methods.
• It is crucial for fast-spreading diseases, enabling timely intervention.
• It captures signals from single molecules, eliminating the need for large biological samples.
• It could revolutionize home testing and clinic-based diagnostics.
• It helps Identify subtle differences in proteins, aiding in personalized treatment plans.
• It promotes deeper understanding of how proteins impact health and disease.
• It paves the way for single-molecule protein sequencing, offering insights beyond DNA sequencing.

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