| PYQ Relevance: Q) Performance of welfare schemes that are implemented for vulnerable sections is not so effective due to absence of their awareness and active involvement at all stages of the policy process. Discuss. (UPSC CSE 2019) |
Mentor’s Comment:
UPSC mains have previously focused on topics like ‘Concept of Social Justice’ (2016) and ‘Implementation of Social Justice’ (2019 & 2021).
The India Justice Report (IJR) 2022 emphasizes that effective leadership is crucial for fostering social justice by ensuring equitable access of resource allocation, infrastructure, and diversity within policy and decision making. ‘Social justice’ involves not only addressing economic inequalities but also ensures access to education, healthcare, and political representation.
Today’s editorial likely addresses several critical questions regarding the role of leadership in promoting social justice with respect to legislative reforms, social welfare programs, or policy decisions. This content can be used to present rational thinking for the future scope of the Socio-political nexus while addressing Social justice.
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Let’s learn!
Why in the News?
There are ongoing discussions about the state of liberalism and democratic values in both India and the United States.
- The recent political developments, such as shifts toward more nationalist or populist policies, have prompted reflections on the historical context of leadership (Barack Obama and Manmohan Singh’s) during a time when liberalism seemed more robust.
- Additionally, this editorial serves as a reminder of the challenges both countries face in maintaining democratic principles and fostering inclusivity, particularly as political climates evolve.
What were the historical paradoxes of Political Elections during 2004?
The 2004 Elections embodies two significant paradoxes that highlight the vibrancy of Indian democracy.
- The Anti-Sikh riots of 1984 represented a dark period for Indian pluralism, yet two decades later, a Sikh became Prime Minister, reflecting a remarkable shift in societal acceptance among the majority Hindu population.
- The 2004 election was a rejection of market celebration, despite Singh being a proponent of economic liberalization (he was compelled to adhere to a welfarist agenda shaped by democratic pressures).
| Indian pluralism refers to the rich diversity and coexistence of various cultural, religious, linguistic, and social groups within the country. It embodies the idea that multiple identities can thrive together in a single nation, contributing to a vibrant and dynamic society. |
What specific actions or policies have been missed that could have advanced social justice?
- Coalition Dynamics: After the 2009 elections, the coalition was restructured, excluding subaltern representatives from the Hindi belt. Key figures held significant power, minorities were represented throughout the offices. The expulsion of subaltern castes in 2009 by Congress managers contributed to a political shift.
- Political Control: The presence of religious minorities and upper caste Hindus at the top levels of power may have alienated Other Backward Classes (OBC) and Dalits, leading to their support for the 2014 elections. This dynamic mirrors trends observed in U.S. politics around the same period.
- Indecision and Social Justice Agenda: In 2005, SC Ruling questioned state authority to enforce reservation policies in private educational institutions. As Minister of Human Resource Development, Arjun Singh sought to amend the Constitution to allow reservations in both aided and unaided private institutions.
- The Anti-Reservation Movement was sparked in northern India while southern regions remained calm.
- HRD Minister drafted a proposal for OBC quotas in government institutions and private ones. During this time, Dr. Manmohan Singh had instructed that the bill for private institutions be shelved, focusing only on government quotas.
- Further, the Sachar Committee was established to study the socio-economic conditions of Muslims, further fueling discussions on social justice.
- Hence, the tension between secularism and social justice during Manmohan Singh’s leadership ultimately limited the UPA’s promise for progress due to indecisiveness on many issues.
How does the current political climate affect the pursuit of social justice?
- Deepening Rivalries: The rivalry between the major parties has been intensified, leading to a lack of constructive dialogue necessary for addressing social justice issues.
- This hostility hampers collaboration on policies aimed at marginalized communities. One of the current examples can be the formation of the All India Federation for Social Justice (AIFSJ).
- Contentious Legislation: Upcoming controversial legislation, such as the Constitution Amendment Bill for synchronizing elections and the regulation of Wakf properties, may further polarize political discourse and distract from social justice initiatives.
- Focus on Women Voters: Political parties are increasingly recognizing women as a crucial voter base, with promises of financial support aimed at empowering them.
- This focus could lead to greater demands for social justice from women voters, impacting policy decisions.
| Did you know? John Rawls’s concept of social justice, particularly in the Indian context, emphasizes that a fair and just societal framework can only be achieved if individuals envision themselves in a scenario where they must make decisions about societal organization without knowing their future position within that society. This thought experiment is encapsulated in what Rawls calls the “veil of ignorance.“ Under this veil, individuals are entirely unaware of their potential status or role in society, which prevents them from making decisions based solely on personal interests. Instead, they would consider the implications of their choices for everyone, particularly focusing on the most disadvantaged members of society. By doing so, they ensure that the principles they establish will be beneficial for all, especially those who are worst off, thereby promoting a more equitable future. |
Way Forward: The interplay between political rivalries, legislative challenges, and economic conditions creates a complex environment for advancing social justice in India. While there are initiatives aimed at empowerment, the overall climate may hinder meaningful progress unless collaborative efforts are prioritized.
