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It has recently became a hot topic of discussion due to a famous debate between Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg.
What is Artificial Intelligence?
1. Artificial intelligence is the branch of computer science concerned with making computers behave like humans. The term was coined in 1956 by John McCarthy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
2. Artificial Intelligence is the area of computer science focussing on creating machines that can engage on behavior that human consider intelligent.
3. It is the study of ways in which machines can be made to have sufficient creative reasoning power to perform mental task at which, at prevent, human beings are better.
4. Examples of problem that falls under the area of Artificial Intelligence include common sense tasks, such as understanding of language, recognising scenes, finding a way to reach an object that is far overhead etc.
5. In addition Artificial Intelligence includes expert tasks, such as diagnosing diseases, designing computer system and planning scientific expedition.
Where can we use Artificial Intelligence?
1. Games playing: programming computers to play games against human opponents.
2. Expert systems: programming computers to make decisions in real-life situations (for example, some expert systems help doctors diagnose diseases based on symptoms).
3. Natural language: programming computers to understand natural human languages.
4. Neural networks: Systems that simulate intelligence by attempting to reproduce the types of physical connections that occur in animal brains.
5. Robotics: programming computers to see and hear and react to other sensory stimuli.
Approaches:
1. Neural Network: This is bottom up approach. It basically aims at mimicking the structure & functioning of the human brain, to create intelligent behaviour. Researchers are attempting to build a silicon based electronic network that is modeled on the working & form of human brain.
2. Expert System: This is top down approach. Instead of starting at the base level of neurons, followers of the expert system are designing intelligent machines by taking advantage of the phenomenal computational power of the modern computer that can solve problem by deductive logic.
Application of AI
They combine precision & computational powers with pure logic, to solve problems & reduce error in operation therefore are used in every field of human endeavor.
1. Heavy Industries & Space: Through AI an entire manufacturing process can be made totally automated, controlled & maintained by computer system in car manufacturing machine tool production, computer chip production. etc. They carry out dangerous tasks like handling hazardous radioactive materials.
2. Finance: Banks use intelligent software application to screen & analyse financial data. Software that can predicts trends in stock market have been created which have been known to beat humans in predictive power.
3. Computer Science: Researchers in quest of AI have created spin offs like dynamic programming, object oriented programming, symbolic programming, intelligent storage management system etc.
4. Aviation: Air lines use expert system in planes to monitor atmospheric condition & system status.
5. Weather Forecast: Neural Network is used for predicting weather condition. Previous data are fed to a neural network which learns the pattern & uses that knowledge to predict weather pattern.
Question
Q.)Discuss critically various opinions expressed against Artificial Intelligence by scientists, philosophers and technology leaders.
