We are continuing our discussion from the previous post on UNFCC to Paris Via Kyoto

In the meantime many a funds were launched –

1. Green Climate Fund –

• HQ at Incheon, S. Korea
• It was 1st talked about in Copenhagen summit and Formally established in Cancun, 2010
• Target is to raise 100b$ fund every year by 2020 <largest fund with current pledges amounting in excess of 10b$>
• India’s contention is that funds should be additional <no double counting>, verifiable and mainly in the form of grants
• There should be balanced support to both adaptation and mitigation

2. Clean Technology Fund (CTF)- 2nd largest

3. Adaptation fund –

• Officially launched in 2007 (Bali), though 1st established in 2001
• Fund sources – 2% of CERs of CDM, donations from developed countries
• Direct access mechanism – accredited national implementing entities (NIEs) and regional implementing agencies (RIEs) in developing countries can directly access climate adaptation financing under it <Name our NIE>

4. Global Environment Facility (GEF) –

• Established in 1991 by the World Bank in consultation with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
• To  provide funding to protect the global environment <discussed in detail in titbits>

Funding initiatives of India

1. National Clean Energy Fund –

• From cess on the coal produced or imported <cess is 200 rs now per ton of coal, increased from 50 to 100 to 200>
• financing and promoting clean energy initiatives and funding research in the area of clean energy Eg.-  green energy corridor, installation of solar photovoltaic etc

2. National Adaptation Fund for Climate Change –

To assist in meeting the cost of national- and state-level adaptation measures in areas that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

India’s initiatives 

INDCs , Renewable energy targets

National and State Action Plan On Climate change

8 missions

1.  NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION – Target has been revised to 100,000 MW by 2022 <what is the break up?>

2. THE NATIONAL MISSION FOR ENHANCED ENERGY EFFICIENCY (NMEEE):-

• Perform Achieve and Trade (PAT)
• Framework for energy efficient economic development
• Star rating of appliances

NATIONAL MISSION ON SUSTAINABLE HABITAT –

• Energy efficiency in buildings, urban planning, improved management of solid and liquid waste, modal shift towards public transport
• Improving resilience of infrastructure, community based disaster management

4. NATIONAL WATERMISSION (NWM)

• Increase in water use efficiency by 20% through regulatory mechanisms with differential entitlements and pricing
• Minimization of wastage and equitable distribution both across and within states

5.  NATIONAL   MISSION   FOR SUSTAINING THE HIMALAYAN ECOSYSTEM (NMSHE)

6. NATIONAL MISSION FOR GREEN INDIA

• Increase forest/tree cover on 5 million hectares (ha) of forest/non- forest -lands
• Improve quality of forest cover on another 5 million ha of non-forest/forest lands (a total of 10 million ha)
• Improve ecosystem services including biodiversity, hydrological services, and carbon sequestration from the 10 million ha of forest/ non-forest lands mentioned above

 7. NATIONAL   MISSION   FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE (NMSA)

10 key dimensions for adaptation and mitigation:

1. Improved Crop Seeds, Livestock and Fish Culture
2. Water Efficiency
3. Pest Management
4. Improved Farm Practices
5. Nutrient Management
6. Agricultural Insurance
7. Credit Support
8. Markets
9. Access to Information
10. Livelihood Diversification

8. The National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change (NMSKCC)

National Bio-Energy Mission – <is this the 9th mission?, earlier there was talk of clean coal energy being added as the 9th mission>

• Launched during the 12th Five-Year Plan
• To boost power generation from biomass, a renewable energy source abundantly available in India
• To facilitate large-scale capital investments in biomass-fired power stations
• encourage development of rural enterprises
• A GIS-based National Biomass Resource Atlas to map potential biomass regions in the country

India is to add 4 new missions to this list

1. Wind Mission – modeled on the National Solar Mission
2. Waste-to-energy mission –  harnessing energy from all kinds of waste, aimed at lowering India’s dependence on coal, oil and gas, for power production.
3. Mission on dealing with climate impacts on human health – by health ministry
4. Mission on India’s coastal areas – prepare an integrated coastal resource management plan and map vulnerabilities along the entire nearly 7000-km long shoreline

Renewable energy initiatives and targets have already been done here

This also completes Chapter 8 of economic survey

In the next article we will discuss Ozone depletion, Montreal Protocol, India’s Changed Stand on HFCs, Air Pollution, Acid Rain, Smog, Petrochemical smog etc.