(a)
Cultural Relativism is of the view that moral or ethical systems, which vary from culture to culture, are all equally valid and no one system is really “better” than any other. This is based on the idea that there is no ultimate standard of good or evil, so every judgment about right and wrong is a product of society. Therefore, any opinion on morality or ethics is subject to the cultural perspective of each person.

It defines “good” as what is socially approved. Ultimately, this means that no moral or ethical system can be considered the “best,” or “worst,” and no particular moral or ethical position can actually be considered “right” or “wrong.”

(b)
A pluralist society is one in which there are different views on questions of politics, morality, religion. The conflicts of ideas and practices are an inevitable and permanent part of human society. But to maintain peace and tolerance in the society, the concept of cultural relativism came up. It states that individual person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture. This enhances tolerance towards other beliefs and norms.

However moral values are relative as there is no objective truth, it changes with context and situation.
– It changes with society to society and region.
– It varies with cultural heritage.
– It varies with era.
– Faith-based morality may differ from secular humanist-based morality.

Absolute moral relativism is self-contradictory and impossible. However, the ultimate end of all moral values is inner happiness.