Answer:
(a) What is the relation between means and ends?
The term means and end refers to any action (the means) carried out for the sole purpose of achieving something. (an end).
• The end denotes the goal which we have to achieve and in that process we utilize different methods, processes and paths available which are called as means.
• However, this relation should be governed by ethical principles. In the above case, whether we are using environment as means to ends, it should be governed by ethical principles. The development process should be sustainable.
(b) What was the idea of Gandhi in this regard?
• Gandhi, however, rejects the dichotomy between means and ends and goes to the other extreme and states that it is means, rather than ends, that provide the standard of morality.
• Although we can choose our ends, we do not have much control over it – we cannot know in advance whether these ends will be achieved.
• The only thing that is completely within our control is therefore the means with which we approach our various ends. It is not the end that we can work with but only means. Different means will lead to different ends. Thus the choosing of means should be governed by ethical principles and moral reasoning rather than selfish motives.
• While trying to understand the relation between means and ends he had stated three principles which saturate all philosophy namely, Non-duality, Truth and Ahimsa.
(c) Illustrate the relevancy of the whole concept in context of modern world.
• In this globalized world we tend to fix ourselves to the end. To meet the materialistic requirements, to meet the demand of consumerism – in this regard we often miss the purity of means and concentrate only on the end and sometimes use human beings as means to our ends which is unethical.
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Very lengthy answer. specially (c)
Minus marks for that.
Detailed discussion in (a).
But do link it with the topic of the case study which is development vs environment.
“In the above case, whether we are using environment as means to ends, it should be governed by ethical principles. The development process should be sustainable.”
Good (b)
It is informative.
Good explanation and points.
In (c) you left the ethical domain and went into the domain of paper 3 which was not required.
Simply discuss the relevance of the concept in today’s world in ethical concept.
“In this globalized world we tend to fix ourselves to the end.
To meet the materialistic requirements, to meet the demand of consumerism – in this regard we often miss the purity of means and concentrate only on the end and sometimes use human beings as means to our ends which is unethical.”
Never leave the periphery during the discussion of paper 4. Keep it in the elements of ethics.
Q4
Please do not write whole question.
(a)
No content and discussion. You just mentioned the definition of the concept and left the topic there itself.
How should this relationship be governed?
What is the ideal way for the relationship to develop in the given case study?
(b)
Decent discussion.
Points are good.
But do mention how his views on mean-end paradigm would have affected the case study?
(c)
Good content.
It is comprehensive.
Good ending.
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Please review
Good answer overall
It is detailed and within the domain of ethical elements.
The framing of the answer is very good.
The content well crafted and explained.
Avoid lengthy paragraphs.
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The discussion in (b) is not up to the mark.
It left the domain of the question and discussed something else.
Take cue from this for your ideal approach:
“Gandhi, however, rejects the dichotomy between means and ends and goes to the other extreme and states that it is means, rather than ends, that provide the standard of morality.
• Although we can choose our ends, we do not have much control over it – we cannot know in advance whether these ends will be achieved.
• The only thing that is completely within our control is therefore the means with which we approach our various ends. It is not the end that we can work with but only means. Different means will lead to different ends. Thus the choosing of means should be governed by ethical principles and moral reasoning rather than selfish motives.”
What is the need of discussing mobocracy or democracy in (c).
Do not complicate questions. Keep the discussion simple. You have to keep the answers within the domain of the question and here its regarding “Mean-End Paradigm in Environmental Ethics”. Simple.
The (a) is better discussed. Read the model answer.
Q4
Hi Avani
Lengthy intro.
Very good content in the main body.
The answer is simple in explanation but deep in content.
Keep writing like this.
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Answer had three parts:
(a) What is the relation between means and ends?
(b) What was the idea of Gandhi in this regard?
(c) Illustrate the relevancy of the whole concept in context of modern world.
You missed the (b) part.
Discussion in (a) is ok.
But do give break in paragraph. Avoid lengthy paragraphs.
In (c) keep the discussion simple. You have to keep the answers within the domain of the question and here its regarding “Mean-End Paradigm in Environmental Ethics”. Simple.
Read the model answer.