Q.3 What are the various sources of funding and instruments used for climate finance? What are the reasons for funding bial in favour of climate-change mitigation and against the climate-change adaptation activities? (10 Marks)

Mentor’s comment- https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/the-enduring-challenges-in-mobilising-green-finance/ https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/bonn-meet-shows-slim-chance-of-action-on-climate-change-8025526/ In the intro, mention the COP27 to be held at Sharm-el-Sheikh primacy of the issue of… Continue reading Q.3 What are the various sources of funding and instruments used for climate finance? What are the reasons for funding bial in favour of climate-change mitigation and against the climate-change adaptation activities? (10 Marks)

Q.2 How does lack of self-reliance in defense technology and manufacturing influence India’s foreign policy options? Suggest the way forward. (10 Marks)

Mentor’s Comments- https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/an-atmanirbhar-india-can-look-the-world-in-the-eye-russia-ukraine-nato-7828628/ https://www.economist.com/asia/2022/06/13/the-west-has-a-chance-to-wean-india-off-russian-weaponry In the intro, mention that the Ukraine crisis has brought into focus India’s dependence on Russia.… Continue reading Q.2 How does lack of self-reliance in defense technology and manufacturing influence India’s foreign policy options? Suggest the way forward. (10 Marks)

Q. 2 Examine the significance of political parties in India. What are the legal provisions to deal with a split in political parties. (10 Marks)

Mentor’s comment- https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/making-parties-constitutional/article36764952.ece https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/which-is-real-shiv-sena-answer-lies-with-the-constitution-and-supreme-court-8017803/ In the intro, mention split in Shiv Sena in Maharashtra. In the body, mention the importance… Continue reading Q. 2 Examine the significance of political parties in India. What are the legal provisions to deal with a split in political parties. (10 Marks)

Q.4 You are posted as a Customs official in one of renowned port cities of India. Your team has recently intercepted a consignment having over 5000 kilograms of red sandalwood. Red Sandalwood, also known as Red Sanders, is a prohibited item for export and is covered under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list and hence you detained a few individuals for their alleged involvement in trying to smuggle it to another country. However, you later come to know that these people are working for an influential businessman with close ties to the ruling party of the state. Your seniors in the department have verbally instructed you not to register any compliant as yet. You are fearful that a deal will be struck between the businessman and a few corrupt officers of your department and the detained persons will be freed. You are ready to go ahead and file the complaint but at the same time are also fearful of departmental action against you if you disobey your seniors. (a) What are the various options available to you in the given case? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these. (b) Also indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) your course of action and the reasons for the same. (20 Marks)

Mentor’s Comments- Introduce by writing the context and the facts of the case study. Listing the various options available, evaluate… Continue reading Q.4 You are posted as a Customs official in one of renowned port cities of India. Your team has recently intercepted a consignment having over 5000 kilograms of red sandalwood. Red Sandalwood, also known as Red Sanders, is a prohibited item for export and is covered under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) list and hence you detained a few individuals for their alleged involvement in trying to smuggle it to another country. However, you later come to know that these people are working for an influential businessman with close ties to the ruling party of the state. Your seniors in the department have verbally instructed you not to register any compliant as yet. You are fearful that a deal will be struck between the businessman and a few corrupt officers of your department and the detained persons will be freed. You are ready to go ahead and file the complaint but at the same time are also fearful of departmental action against you if you disobey your seniors. (a) What are the various options available to you in the given case? Evaluate the merits and demerits of each of these. (b) Also indicate (without necessarily restricting to the above options) your course of action and the reasons for the same. (20 Marks)

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