Q.3 Energy transitions are gaining momentum worldwide, and India is no exception. In light of this, examine the challenges in transition toward clean energy and suggest the policy measures to make the transition smooth. (15 Marks)

Mentor’s comment-

https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/energy-transitions-electricity-production-renewable-energy-net-zero-emissions-targets-7436958/
In the intro, mention India’s commitment under the Paris Agreement and consequent obligation for the adoption of clean energy.
In the body, mention challenges such as job losses, lack of investment, lack of funds, high energy prices, unequal distribution of benefits, addressing the limited participation of women in the growing green workforce etc. In the suggestion mention providing alternative jobs to coal miners, rationalisation of energy subsidies, engaging youth etc.
Conclude by mentioning that a people-centric approach, backed by good policy design, will help India build a clean and inclusive energy future.