The question is straightforward in its demand.

In the intro, discuss the issue of agrarian distress and farmers’ agitation and link it with the NCRB report of 14, 15 and 16 regarding farmer suicide. (Dont go deep wrt NCRB data in this part)

In the 1st part after intro, briefly mention the NCRB data and you can take help from this article:

https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/big-rise-in-farmer-suicides-in-four-states-during-2016-says-ncrb-data-118032300025_1.html

Then analyze the factors behind farmer’ suicide and give factors for the discrepancies in inclusive development.

The second part will be discussing way forward. It will be a larger part than the normal way forwards you write. It will take a substantial amount of space and time in the answer. 

End the answer on optimistic note. 

Answer:
Farmers’ agitations and suicide highlight the disparities in inclusive development. Increased number of farmers’ suicide is due to natural and socio-economic factors. There is a wide array of factors that has led to the increasing spate of farmer suicides in India. The lands are not as productive as before, the markets are failing, the debts are piling up, and the pests cannot be kept at bay. More than an economic problem, this has now assumed political and humanitarian dimensions, especially since the past decade.

As per NCRB data Farmers’ suicide saw a spike of 41.7 % in 2017 from 2014. The year 2015 saw 8,007 suicides by farmers compared to 5,650 in 2014. As per report more than 72% of farmers who commit suicide have less than two hectares of land.

Factors behind farmer’s suicide:
• Data released by the National Crime Records Bureau shows a widespread drought and rising indebtedness led to 12,602 suicides by farmers and agricultural labourers in 2015
• NCRB reports up to 2015 reveal identical causes of suicides among farmers -bankruptcy, farming-related issues, family problems, illness, drug abuse or alcoholism.
• The recent data is interesting because all of us thought that moneylenders were the culprits of the piece. Even today, more than half the people take loans from moneylenders. Moneylenders were more flexible compared to banks and microfinance institutions. The organised sector is less flexible because rules don’t permit them flexibility. The microfinance sector is worse. They put pressure by telling others in self-help groups that their share would be cut if one person does not pay loans in time. This creates social pressure, as well. Many also send goons to the neighbourhood to scare borrowers.
• Other factors include Problems in maintaining farm livestock owing to increasing costs, Problems in getting credit at good terms and conditions because of reluctance of commercial banks, Lack of proper irrigation facilities and bad monsoon, Absence of mechanization, Insufficient transport facilities, Farm population per hectare increased whereas per-capita income has declined, Diversion of farm land into non-agricultural land, APMC and local traders exploiting farmers, High input cost and worsened quality of soil due to excessive use of fertilizers, Political incentives given to the farmers’ family after suicidal death by politicians further motivates other farmers to take the step at the cost of family welfare

Steps needed to break the vicious cycle:
• Farmers’ need to be educated about various facets of modern farming and facilities, and centres of excellence need to be set up within their reach to help them.
• Agricultural universities need to discover new science-based practices and technologies.
• Farmers’ need to be given better access to credit and at better terms and conditions.
• Markets should be regulated properly.
• Direct provision of capital to farmers by government.
• Encouraging integrated, contract, and cooperative farming.
• Apart from these government initiatives such as the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, which provides farmers’ full insurance, Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayi Yojana, Kisan Credit Card scheme, the e-National Agricultural Market Scheme need rigorous monitoring and effective implementation to produce sound results.

Successive governments have focused more on control rather than prevention. It will take more than short-term measures and disproportionately implemented programmes to wade through the crisis. For Example: The wave of farmer suicides that hit Marathwada last year could have been avoided if there was a proper irrigation system, weather forecast information, competent crop insurance and buffer stocks in cold storage facilities to distribute to the families in their time of need. A concrete reorientation of policy is crucial to stopping this depressing trend.