Historical and Archaeological Findings in News

ASI told to conduct Scientific Survey of Bhojshala Complex

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From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Bhojshala Complex

Mains level: NA

Bhojshala

In the news

  • The Bhojshala Temple-Kamal Maula Mosque complex in Dhar district, an ASI-protected 11th-century monument, has been a subject of contention regarding its nature and usage.
  • To address this, the Indore Bench of the Madhya Pradesh High Court has directed the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) to conduct a scientific survey of the site.

About Bhojshala Complex

Details
Location Dhar district, Madhya Pradesh, India
Historical Background Established by Raja Bhoj, the greatest ruler of the Parmar dynasty, as an educational institute
Date of Establishment 11th century
Transformation Originally a Goddess Wagdevi (Saraswati temple), later converted into Kamal Maulana Mosque by Muslim rulers
Architectural Features Large open courtyard (Mahaāyata)

Verandah with decorated pillars (Sthāpanā)

Prayer hall with intricately carved ceilings (Shikharākāra)

Inscriptions Two hymns depicting the Karmavatar of Vishnu (Avatār)

Sarpabandha pillar inscriptions with Sanskrit alphabet and grammatical rules (Vyākaraṇa)

Archaeological Significance Protected by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as an 11th-century monument

Controversy over Bhojshala Complex

  • Religious Claims: Hindus regard the site as the temple of Goddess Wagdevi (Saraswati), while Muslims believe it to be the Kamal Maula mosque.
  • Usage Agreement: The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) allows Hindus to pray on Tuesdays and Basant Panchami, and Muslims to offer namaz on Fridays.

Recent Developments

  • Basant Panchami Dispute: A recent order allowing Hindus to worship during Basant Panchami hours led to discontent among some Right-wing activists.
  • Demand for Extended Access: Hindu groups demand all-day access to the shrine on such occasions, leading to protests and petitions filed in the High Court.

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