Why in the News?

The Centre has officially declared August 23rd as “National Space Day” in honor of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission’s historic achievement.

About the National Space Day:

It is set to be celebrated on August 23rd every year.
It marks the successful landing of the Chandrayaan-3 mission’s Vikram Lander and Pragyan Rover on the Moon.
Theme for 2024:
- “Touching Lives while Touching the Moon: India’s Space Saga” highlights space exploration’s impact on society and technology.
Significance:
- India became the fourth country to land on the Moon and the first to land near the Moon’s southern polar region.

	Details
Launch	India’s third lunar mission, second attempt at soft landing on the Moon. Launched on July 14, 2023. Landed on August 23.
Landing Site	Near the Lunar South Pole (Coordinates: 69.373°S 32.319°E)
Mission Objectives	Demonstrate safe and soft landing on the Moon. Rover mobility on lunar surface. Conduct in-situ scientific experiments.
Components	Propulsion Module: Carries lander and rover to 100 km lunar orbit; includes SHAPE payload. Lander Module (Vikram): Instruments: ChaSTE, ILSA, Langmuir Probe, Laser Retroreflector Array. Rover Module (Pragyan): Instruments: APXS, LIBS.
Major Findings	Lunar Surface Temperature: Recorded up to 70°C, higher than expected. Elemental Composition: Sulphur, aluminum, calcium, iron, chromium, titanium, manganese, silicon, and oxygen confirmed.
Landing Site Name	Named by PM as *‘Shiv Shakti’* (Sanctioned by IAU as “Statio Shiv Shakti”).

[2016] Consider the following statements:

The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO

is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission
made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA
made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 and 3 only

(d) 1, 2 and 3