From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Battle of Karnal
Why in the News?
On February 24, 1739, the Battle of Karnal marked a turning point in the history of Mughal empire.
About Battle of Karnal
- The Battle of Karnal on February 24, 1739, saw Nadir Shah’s Persian army defeat Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’ in under three hours.
- Despite having 300,000 soldiers, the Mughal army was crushed by Nadir Shah’s 55,000 well-trained troops using modern tactics and superior firearms.
- Following the victory, Delhi was sacked, 30,000 civilians massacred, and the Mughal treasury looted, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and the Peacock Throne.
Impact on Mughal Decline
- Economic Collapse: The Mughal treasury was emptied, crippling military and administrative strength.
- Weakening Central Power: Governors of Bengal, Awadh, and Hyderabad declared independence.
- Military Decline: The Mughal army’s outdated tactics were exposed; future invasions (e.g., Ahmad Shah Abdali, 1748-1761) followed.
- Rise of Regional Powers: The Marathas expanded, eventually capturing Delhi (1771); the Sikhs grew in Punjab.
- British Expansion: The East India Company took advantage, leading to British rule after 1857.
PYQ:[2019] With reference to Mughal India, what is/are the difference/differences between Jagirdars and Zamindar? 1. Jagirdars were holders of land assignments in lieu of judicial and police duties, whereas Zamindars were holders of revenue rights without obligation to perform any duty other than revenue collection. 2. Land assignments to Jagirdars were hereditary and revenue rights of Zamindars were not hereditary. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 |
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