Central Idea

Kambala races were held on this weekend in Bengaluru and many parts of Karnataka.
This event has faced legal scrutiny in the past, with the Supreme Court temporarily outlawing Kambala, along with Jallikattu and bullock-cart racing, in 2014.

What is Kambala?

Kambala is a folk sport predominantly practised in the coastal districts of Karnataka, especially where Tulu-speaking communities are prevalent.
Traditionally, races were organized in slushy paddy fields post-harvest.
The Kambala Samithi now hosts weekly events from late November to mid-April at various venues across Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts.
For many, especially the Bunt community, Kambala is a prestigious event.
Buffalo pairs are meticulously groomed throughout the year in the hopes of winning major races.

Negilu (Plough): Entry-level buffalo pairs participate in their first Kambala race using lighter ploughs.
Hagga (Rope): Jockeys race buffaloes with just a rope tied to both.
Adda Halage: Participants stand on a horizontal plank dragged by buffaloes, unlike Hagga and Negilu where jockeys run behind.
Kane Halage: A wooden plank tied to buffaloes, with water gushing out through holes as it’s dragged. The height of splashing water determines the winner.

While Kambala’s popularity is concentrated in coastal Karnataka, movies like ‘Kantara’ in 2022 have widened its appeal across the state.
The film’s success is credited with generating interest in the sport, making it more popular even beyond its traditional strongholds.
Historically, the Koraga community faced discrimination during Kambala events. They were considered “untouchable” and ill-treated.
Critics argue that the sport is still dominated by higher caste groups, while lower caste individuals often perform menial tasks during the event.

Several organizations, including People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), alleged animal abuse during traditional sporting events.
Concerns included the tying of buffalo noses with ropes and continuous whipping during races, seen as cruelty.
The Supreme Court, hearing these petitions, banned Kambala, Jallikattu, and bullock-cart racing in 2014.

In January 2016, the Environment Ministry issued a notification allowing the continuation of bull training for such traditional events, recognizing their cultural significance.
Specific conditions were set to minimize bull suffering.
State governments also amended the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, providing exemptions for these events.
A five-judge constitutional bench upheld these amendments made by Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra governments in May.