Higher Education – RUSA, NIRF, HEFA, etc.

Budgeting for the education emergency

Note4Students

From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :

Prelims level: Expenditure on education in India

Mains level: Paper 2- Increasing the expenditure on education

Context

Faced with an unprecedented education emergency, this is the time to substantially ramp up public spending on education and make it more effective.

Low allocation for education

  • UNESCO’s 2030 framework for action suggests public education spending levels of between 4% and 6% of GDP and 15%-20% of public expenditure.
  • A recent World Bank study notes that India spent 14.1 % of its budget on education, compared to 18.5% in Vietnam and 20.6% in Indonesia, countries with similar levels of GDP.
  • But since India has a higher share of population under the age of 19 years than these countries, it should actually be allocating a greater share of the budget than these countries.
  • Public spending on education in most States in India was below that of other middle-income countries even before the pandemic.
  • Most major States spent in the range of 2.5% to 3.1% of State income on education, according to the Ministry of Education’s Analysis of Budgeted Expenditure on Education.
  • This compares with the 4.3% of GDP that lower-middle-income countries spent, as a group, between 2010-11 and 2018-19.
  •  In the 2021-22 Budget, the Central government’s allocation for the Education Department was slashed compared to the previous year, even though the size of the overall budget increased.
  • Of the major States and Delhi, eight either reduced or just about maintained their budget allocation for education departments in 2021-22 compared to 2020-21.

Way forward

  • The vast majority of the 260 million children enrolled in preschool and school, especially in government schools, did not have meaningful structured learning opportunities during the 20 months of school closures.
  • Infusion of resources: The education system now needs not only an infusion of resources for multiple years, but also a strengthened focus on the needs of the poor and disadvantaged children.
  • What it is spent on and how effectively resources are used are important.
  • It is clear what additional resources are required for.
  • The needs include: back-to-school campaigns and re-enrolment drives; expanded nutrition programmes; reorganisation of the curriculum to help children learn language and mathematics in particular, and support their socio-emotional development, especially in early grades; additional learning materials; teacher training and ongoing support; additional education programmes and collection and analysis of data.
  • Focus on teacher training:  How does expenditure on technology compare with the amounts spent on teacher training, which represents just 0.15% of total estimated expenditure on elementary education?
  • Teachers are central to the quality of education, so why does India spend so little on teacher training?

The opacity of education finance data in India

  • The opacity of education finance data makes it difficult to comprehend this.
  • For instance, the combined Central and State government spending on education was estimated to be 2.8% of GDP in 2018-19, according to the Economic Survey of 2020-21.
  • This figure had remained at the same level since 2014-15.
  • On the other hand, data from the Ministry of Education indicates that public spending on education had reached 4.3% of GDP in the same year, rising from 3.8% of GDP in 2011-12.
  • The difference in the figures is due to the inclusion of expenditure on education by departments other than the Education Department.
  •  Including expenditure on education by, for example, the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (on Anganwadis, scholarships, etc.), the Ministry of Science and Technology (for higher education) is of course legitimate.
  • However, the composition of these expenditures is not readily available.

Conclusion

The questions for this Budget should be clear. How much additional funds are being allocated for different levels of education by the principal departments in 2021-22? Are the funds being spent on the specific measures required to address the education emergency facing the children?

UPSC 2022 countdown has begun! Get your personal guidance plan now! (Click here)

 

Get an IAS/IPS ranker as your 1: 1 personal mentor for UPSC 2024

Attend Now

Subscribe
Notify of
21 Comments
Oldest
Newest Most Voted
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments
User Avatar
2 years ago

In order to determine whether or not a certain writing service is reliable, read some essay writing service reviews. These cv writing service topcvwritersuk.com will let you know whether the company can deliver what they promise. If they do not, move on to another service. Here are some tips for choosing the best essay writing service. Listed below are some of the pros and cons of each service. Read on to find out which one will be the best fit for your needs. And remember, the more you read about each company’s services, the more likely you’ll be satisfied with the final results.

Last edited 2 years ago by Andi Duferense
User Avatar
2 years ago

I truly appreciate your work and tips given by you are helpful to me. I will share this information with my family & friends. This is a great website, keep the positive reviews coming. This is a great inspiring.I am pretty much pleased https://americasuits.com/emily-cooper-emily-in-paris-s02-rainbow-jacket with your good work. You put really very helpful information. I am looking to reading your next post. !!!!

User Avatar
2 years ago

Thanks for sharing this best stuff with us! Keep sharing! I am new in the blog writing. All types blogs and posts are not helpful for the readers. Here the author is giving good thoughts and suggestions to each and every reader through this article. Literature-essay Quality of the content is the main element of https://www.assignmentuk.co.uk/write-my-assignment the blog and this is the way of writing and presenting.

User Avatar
2 years ago

Sincerely very satisfied to say,your submit is very exciting to examine. I never stop myself to mention some thing about it. You’re doing a remarkable process. Hold it up Thor Vest
https://www.nyjacket.com/product/thor-love-and-thunder-vest/

User Avatar
2 years ago

Great article! All the articles you have, they enjoy reading and learning a lot. Your article is very helpful for me. I hope you will continue to write such good articles as well. Really enjoyed reading your blog.It is highly informative and builds great interest for the readers. For the people like us your blogs helps to get ideal information and knowledge. Thanks for providing such blogs. Ted Lasso Tracksuit
https://www.theusasuits.com/product/jason-sudeikis-ted-lasso-coach-tracksuit/

User Avatar
2 years ago

Your blog website provided us with useful information to execute with. Each & every recommendation of your website is awesome. Thanks a lot for talking about it. Afc richmond Jacket
https://www.usajacket.com/product/ted-lasso-jason-sudeikis-jacket/

Last edited 2 years ago by Peter Shawn
User Avatar
2 years ago

Assignment writing and other services provided by Assignment Helper are solely for students’ assistance and the guide should only be used as a model to extract the required ideas and theme. https://www.assignmenthelperuk.co.uk  The provided samples should not be copy-pasted or submitted directly to the educational institute. whenever you called our writer to write my assignment we were there with a quality piece of paper

User Avatar
2 years ago

Focus on teacher preparation on spending on technology stacks up against that on teacher preparation, which is based on 15% of the estimated overall cost of elementary education.
https://celebsleatherjackets.com/products/once-upon-a-time-killian-jones-leather-jacket.html

What-Our-Customer-Says-1.jpg
User Avatar
2 years ago

This akira jacket is a riddle with an easy solution for all your events, outdoor plans, excursions, winter seasons, and all occasions. It has a charming appearance that is also eye-catching. Wear it for the influential style and as a departure from a traditional look flight. Boost your appearance in the crowd right now. https://www.jacketars.com/product/akira-kaneda-pill-leather-jacket/

User Avatar
2 years ago

Thanks for the nice blog. It was very useful for me. I’m happy I found this blog. https://www.famousmoviejackets.com/fallout-ncr-veteran-ranger-duster-leather-coat/

Fallout-NCR-Veteran-Ranger-Duster-Leather-Coat-510x510.jpg
User Avatar
2 years ago

There is always a budget for education according to 247examhelp education has always been important as without education it is not possible to develop a society and for the students, I would like to recommend 247examhelp for online exam help. For further details please visit https://247examhelp.com/

User Avatar
2 years ago

The Gossip Girl Jordan Alexander Trench Coat is a would have to! This glamorous jacket is made of the highest quality material and is ideal for just any day or night celebration.

User Avatar
2 years ago

Very good article and also I like your outfit its looking style and cool . Thank you for posting. Yellowstone Clothing for Men

User Avatar
1 year ago
Reply to  Musab hasan

Make your look unique by wearing a stunning Jim Hopper Puffer Jacket this jacket is made from high-quality cotton fabric and available in discounted price.

User Avatar
1 year ago

This is so awesome! I want more people to know the excellence of your writing. It’s really new and innovative content. Your view is similar to mine on this topic. I think my writing will help you, too. Kevin Costner Quilted Jacket

User Avatar
1 year ago
User Avatar
1 year ago

You are actually a skilled individual I have ever noticed. I’m content with the course of action for your post. Phoenix Valorant Jacket

User Avatar
1 year ago

I love these and am definitely going to make some! What kind/weight of thread (and needle) do you use for something like this? Thanks. Celebrity Leather Jackets

User Avatar
1 year ago

This article is very informative I’ve read this article for improving my embroidery skill. Starter Jackets

User Avatar
1 year ago

Starter Jackets. This article is very informative I’ve read this article for improving my embroidery skill.

User Avatar

Here is the article about Molly Yeh Net Worth? visit now to read the article.

JOIN THE COMMUNITY

Join us across Social Media platforms.

💥Mentorship December Batch Launch
💥💥Mentorship December Batch Launch