Central Idea

The India-Canada crisis took a fresh turn as 41 diplomats were withdrawn from the country.
India insisted that its actions are consistent with the tenets set forth in Article 11.1 of the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.

What is the Vienna Convention?

The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is an international treaty signed by 61 countries in 1961.
It puts forth a framework for diplomatic interactions between independent nations and aims to ensure the ‘development of friendly relations among nations’.
At present 193 countries are party to the document including India.

	Explanation
Diplomatic Immunity (Articles 29 to 36)	Diplomats and their families are granted immunity from the jurisdiction of the host country’s legal system for their official actions. Extends to criminal and civil matters and ensures that diplomats cannot be prosecuted or sued in the host country’s courts.
Inviolability of Diplomatic Premises (Articles 22 to 27)	Diplomatic premises, such as embassies and consulates, are considered inviolable. They cannot be entered or searched by the host country’s authorities without the permission of the sending state.
Non-Interference (Article 41)	Diplomatic agents are expected not to interfere in the internal affairs of the host country. This principle promotes peaceful coexistence and respectful relations between states.
Protection of Diplomatic Missions (Articles 22 to 27)	Host country is responsible for ensuring the security and protection of diplomatic missions and their staff. Includes safeguarding the physical premises and preventing any intrusion or damage.
Termination of Diplomatic Relations (Articles 45 to 50)	Outlines procedures for the termination of diplomatic relations between states. Includes orderly withdrawal of diplomatic personnel and the closure of diplomatic missions.

It deals with the size of international missions within other countries.
In the absence of a specific agreement as to the size of the mission, the receiving State may require that the size of a mission be kept within limits considered to be reasonable and normal.