Introduction

A recent study published in Nature sheds light on the extinction of Gigantopithecus blacki, the largest known primate species.
This research provides crucial insights into the species’ inability to survive environmental changes, contrasting with the adaptability of other similar primates.

About Gigantopithecus Blacki

Species Description: Gigantopithecus blacki was a great ape species that inhabited China between 2 million and 330 thousand years ago.
Physical Attributes: Estimated to stand 3 meters tall and weigh between 200–300 kg, it is considered the largest primate ever to have existed on Earth.
Geographical Range and Extinction: The species experienced a significant reduction in geographical range before its extinction, with the most recent fossils indicating a marked decline.

Fossil Analysis: Researchers analyzed fossils from 22 caves in southern China, focusing on dental samples of G. blacki and its closest relative, Pongo weidenreichi.
Environmental Reconstruction: The study employed pollen and stable isotope analysis to reconstruct the environmental conditions during the species’ existence.
Diet and Behavior Assessment: Changes in diet and behavior within the extinction window were inferred from dental analyses.

Initial Habitat: Around 2.3 million years ago, G. blacki thrived in dense forests with heavy cover.
Transition in Environment: During the extinction window (295–215,000 years ago), there was a shift to open forests, indicating significant changes in forest plant communities.
Dietary and Stress Responses: Dental analysis revealed a less diverse diet and reduced water consumption for G. blacki, alongside signs of increased chronic stress. In contrast, P. weidenreichi showed better adaptation to these environmental changes.
Fossil Record Decline: The number and geographical spread of G. blacki fossils declined relative to P. weidenreichi by 300 thousand years ago, supporting the hypothesis of its struggle to adapt.