Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Moon’s South Pole
Why in the News?
Astronomers are studying the first detailed geological map of the Moon’s South Pole, created by India’s Chandrayaan-3’s Vikram lander, which landed on August 23, 2023.
About the Geological Map of the Moon’s South Pole:
- First High-Resolution Map:
- This map is created by PRL Ahmedabad, Panjab University, and ISRO, using data from Chandrayaan-3’s Pragyan rover.
- It offers new insights into the Moon’s formation and evolution.
- Confirmation of a Magma Ocean:
- Pragyan’s Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer detected molten rock beneath the surface.
- This confirms a global magma ocean in the Moon’s early history.
- Age and Crater Mapping:
- Landing site estimated to be 3.7 billion years old, similar to Earth’s early evolution.
- Schomberger Crater identified as the primary source of impact debris.
- Importance for Lunar and Planetary Studies:
- Preserved craters help understand the history of asteroid impacts.
- Provides insights into the formation of the Earth-Moon system.
Why is the Moon’s South Pole a Key Focus for Space Missions?
- Water Ice Reserves:
- Permanently shadowed craters hold large water ice deposits, first confirmed by Chandrayaan-1 (2009).
- Crucial for future lunar colonies and deep-space missions.
- Harsh but Valuable Environment:
- Extreme cold (as low as -250°C) preserves ancient materials.
- Continuous sunlight in some areas makes it ideal for solar power.
- Scientific and Strategic Importance:
- Craters contain pristine material from the early Solar System.
- NASA, China, and Russia plan permanent research bases in the region.
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