Note4Students
From UPSC perspective, the following things are important :
Prelims level: Citizens vs aliens rights
Mains level: Rights of foreigners debate, CAA, NRC
The Union government has urged the Supreme Court to help lay down a law with a “long–lasting” implication for the country on the subject of Foreigners’ Right to approach local courts for relief after violating their visa conditions.
Why in news?
- The government’s request came during the hearing of petitions filed by foreign nationals who were charged with violating COVID-19 guidelines by participating in a religious congregation in New Delhi during peak COVID outbreak.
Citizens vs. Foreigners Rights
Fundamental Rights available to both Citizens and Foreigners (except enemy aliens)
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Fundamental Rights Available Only to Citizens of India
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- Article 14 – Equality before the law and equal protection of laws
- Article 20 – Protection in respect of conviction for offences
- Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty
- Article 21A – Right to elementary education
- Article 22 – Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases
- Article 23 – Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour
- Article 24 – Prohibition of employment of children in factories etc
- Article 25 – Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion
- Article 26 – Freedom to manage religious affairs
- Article 27 – Freedom from payment of taxes for promotion of any religion
- Article 28 – Freedom from attending religious instruction or worship in certain educational institutions
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- Article 15 – Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth
- Article 16 – Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
- Article 19 – Protection of six rights related to freedom – (a) of speech and expression; (b) to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) to form associations or unions; (d) to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; and (f) to practice any profession, or to carry on any occupation, trade or business
- Article 29 – Protection of language, script and culture of minorities
- Article 30 – Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions
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