• Born on April 1, 1621 in Amritsar, Punjab to Guru Hargobind (6th Sikh Guru), Mata Nanaki
  • Death: November 11, 1675, executed by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb
• Became 9th Guru (1665 to 1675)
• Promoted the idea of Nirbhau (fearless) and Nirvair (without enmity) and emphasized the oneness of God.
• Referred to as ‘Hind Ki Chadar’ (Shield of India).

• Guru stood up for the Hindu Kashmiri Pandits, defending their right to practice their religion against Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb’s oppressive policies.
• Refused to convert to Islam despite facing torture and persecution, ultimately leading to his execution.
• Advocated for the principle of one God, rejecting idol worship and preaching about the unity of all religions.
• Emphasized meditation, self-discipline, moral living, and serving others. He urged Sikhs to remain spiritually committed while defending the rights of the innocent.
• His hymns are compiled in the Guru Granth Sahib, with 115 hymns attributed to him.
• Many Gurdwaras are dedicated to him, including Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi, built on the site where he was executed.
• Guru Gobind Singh, the 10th Sikh Guru, was born to Guru Tegh Bahadur in 1666.

PYQ:

[2013] Consider the following Bhakti Saints:

1. Dadu Dayal
2. Guru Nanak
3. Tyagaraja

Who among the above was/were preaching when the Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over?

(a) 1 and 3

(b) 2 only

(c) 2 and 3

(d) 1 and 2