Central Idea

• The Delhi High Court granted permission for two children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) to undergo Stem Cell Therapy for their condition.
• The court’s decision followed a challenge against the Ethics and Medical Registration Board’s (EMRB) recommendation against stem cell treatment for ASD.

Understanding Stem Cells

• Stem cells are the foundational cells that can differentiate into specialized cells with distinct functions.
• Two main categories: pluripotent stem cells (can differentiate into various adult cells) and adult stem cells (tissue/organ-specific).
• Pluripotent stem cells are found in embryos; reprogramming of adult cells leads to induced pluripotent stem cells.

Stem Cells in Medicine

• Stem cells’ regenerative properties make them valuable in regenerative medicine.
• Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treats conditions like leukaemia.
• Challenges: Limited adult stem cells post-removal, focus on making them pluripotent.

What is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?

• ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder affecting communication, behaviour, and interactions.
• Conventional therapies focus on symptom management, social skills training, behaviour analysis, and speech and occupational therapy.

Potential of Stem Cell Therapy for ASD

• Some experts suggest stem cells could enhance immune system regulation and neural connectivity in the brain.
• Current clinical trials show mixed results; treatment is experimental, lacks sufficient data.
• EMRB recommendations against stem cell therapy due to limited evidence, risks, side effects, and absence of established protocol.

EMRB’s Concerns

• EMRB’s recommendation stemmed from “predatory marketing” of stem cell therapy, giving false hope to parents about “curing” ASD.
• The Delhi HC ruling doesn’t assess the general validity of stem cell therapy but permits ongoing treatment for specific cases.

Conclusion

• The court’s verdict allows continued stem cell therapy for ASD, acknowledging the ongoing uncertainty and potential of the treatment.
• The decision underlines the need for further research and data to establish stem cell therapy’s efficacy and safety for treating autism.

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